Extracción y caracterización preliminar de pigmentos y colágeno a partir de medusas Stomolophys meleagris, Aurelia aurita, Rhizostoma pulmo y Rophilema esculentum
Jellyfish has been recently recognized as an important fishing resource in Asia as well as in America. However, only few classes are edible. Until recently, the Mexican industry began to show interest in fishing for Stomolophus meleagris, known as “cannonball jellyfish”. In this continent, cannonbal...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2018 |
| País: | México |
| Institución: | Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Institucional de la UAM Iztapalapa |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:bindani.izt.uam.mx:8s45q8848 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doi.org/10.24275/uami.8s45q8848 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Pigments info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Jellyfishes info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Pigmentos info:eu-repo/classification/LEM/Medusas -- Usos biotecnológicos info:eu-repo/classification/cti/6 |
| Sumario: | Jellyfish has been recently recognized as an important fishing resource in Asia as well as in America. However, only few classes are edible. Until recently, the Mexican industry began to show interest in fishing for Stomolophus meleagris, known as “cannonball jellyfish”. In this continent, cannonball jellyfish catching is practiced along the Atlantic coast of the United States and in the Gulf of Mexico, and then exported to Asia where it is prepared for human consumption. Jellyfish production for this purpose is mainly developed in Southeast Asia and China, where Rhopilema esculentum is preferred. Cannonball jellyfish is favored due to its large body and hard texture, but mainly because it is not toxic for consumption. In the same way, and due to the problems caused by the overpopulation of this species, alternatives to human consumption have been proposed for its use. Jellyfish are also used for the extraction of collagen, which can be used for a variety of applications, such as cosmetic and drug manufacture, and is used in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The objective of this work was to obtain, purify and characterize two important biotechnological resources present in Stomolophus meleagris such as the blue pigment and collagen. Likewise, preliminary studies on collagen in Rhizostoma pulmo, Aurelia aurita and Rhopilema esculentum were carried out. The first part of the work was the histological characterization of tissues from oral, subumbelar and campana regions of Stomolophus meleagris. Here, several organelles were identified, mainly composed of water. Gastrovascular cavities, and glandular and epithelium cells in the ectoderm were also identified. These results allowed the location of possible bioactive compounds for further extraction (campana and tentacles). For the extraction and characterization of the pigment, organisms with intense blue color were used, morphologically identified as Stomolophus meleagris. The experimental strategy was as follows: in a first phase the organism was morphologically and histologically studied and a partial extraction of the pigment was carried out. Once the nature of the pigment was defined, it was characterized by physicochemical methods, and finally the protein associated to the pigment was studied. It was concluded that the pigment is of polar nature, does not belong to the carotenoid family and is associated to a protein moiety, presumably a glycoprotein. Applying a central rotary design, it was concluded that the pigment is stable at both acidic and basic pH conditions (3-9) but is labile at high temperatures. The pigment maintains its color at freezing and cooling temperature for a period of up to 35 days. This pigment, intended for the food industry, is not recommended for those products with high heat treatment, but can be used in acidified products such as yogurt and ice cream. The peptide trace was identified by MALDITOF technique. In this method the proteins to be identified are hydrolyzed in small peptides and the corresponding hydrolyzed mass spectrum is obtained. A similarity of amino acids corresponding to the following peptide trace was found: R.NSPGLLVSPGGMNKNMQTK.S + 4 Deamination (NQ); Oxidation (M) To find a more accurate fraction a fragmentation of the spectrum was performed with larger areas, although no homology was found. It was concluded that, at present, there is no information for comparing our results. It is necessary to perform a complete sequencing to obtain further results. Collagen extraction and characterization was carried out using the ASC (acid soluble collagen) and PSC (pepsin soluble collagen) processes. The raw material was edible samples of Rophilema escueletum ready for human consumption, and frozen samples of species Rhizostoma pulmo and Aurelia aurita. Proximal analyzes were carried out, samples consisted of 92-98% moisture, 0.3-2% protein and 0.2-0.9% ash. A yield of ASC and PSC collagen were 0.52% and 28%, respectively. SDS-PAGE showed bands at 215 and 125 kDa in the ASC fraction and 42 and 41 kDa in the PSC fraction. Amino acid analysis and amino acid profile were performed by enzymatic digestion. This collagen is thermolabile with denaturation temperature (Td) at 24 ° C. |
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