“EFECTO DE LA DENSIDAD DE SIEMBRA, PROBIÓTICOS Y TIPOS DE ALIMENTOS, SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO, SUPERVIVENCIA Y RELACIÓN BENEFICIO-COSTO DEL CAMARÓN BLANCO (Penaeus vannamei), EN UN CULTIVO SUPERINTENSIVO CON GEOMEMBRANAS”
In recent years, aquaculture in Mexico has been diversifying in various aspects of crop operations, from increasing the intensity of sowing, to seeking alternatives in balanced food, to using support crops as live food and probiotics. In order to improve production yields, increase the quality of th...
| Autores: | , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2020 |
| País: | México |
| Institución: | Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit |
| Repositorio: | Repositorio Institucional Aramara de la UAN |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:dspace.uan.mx:123456789/2410 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://dspace.uan.mx:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/2410 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | CULTIVO, PRODUCCIÓN, CAMARÓN, CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y BIOTECNOLOGÍA [6] |
| Sumario: | In recent years, aquaculture in Mexico has been diversifying in various aspects of crop operations, from increasing the intensity of sowing, to seeking alternatives in balanced food, to using support crops as live food and probiotics. In order to improve production yields, increase the quality of the cultivated product and make operating costs more efficient; mainly in the white shrimp Penaeus vannamei. These attempts have allowed the industry to optimize the farmland, using liner-coated ponds, concrete ponds, race ways and circular geomembranes. Farming areas have been considerably reduced and it has been proposed to reduce the impact to the pond bottoms by the aquaculture activity. This, in turn, has led them to take advantage of as much time as possible throughout the year by using greenhouses, which allow the water to be kept at a constant temperature and prevent losses by opportunistic predators. This has allowed this activity to be positively affected. The constant search for improvements in feed has opened a gap of opportunity to determine protein concentrations according to the stage of growth of the organisms, the densities of confinement and the expected yields. At the same time, there is commercial competition for the raw materials used for this type of feed, which according to the trend in world fisheries (FAO, 2018), raw materials are becoming more and more expensive, directly affecting the industry's production costs. However, lately there has been an attempt to use other sources of protein, both vegetable and animal, making adjustments to the essential requirements for good shrimp growth. Support crops have emerged as a viable alternative to maintain water quality conditions in an optimal way. They act as a prebiotic, colonizing the digestive tracts of the organisms, causing a greater resistance to diseases of bacterial origin and greater resistance to diseases caused by viruses; however, the costs of these products in certain magnitudes can affect the operating costs in the industry. That is why we seek to compare commercial probiotics with different prices, to determine which probiotic produces favorable results at a lower cost. To be able to analyze this type of factors, the present investigation was made to compare densities of sowing, balanced foods and probiotics, as well as the relation benefit-cost in this type of cultures. In chapter 1 it was analyzed the effects of the different densities of sowing (300 Plm-3, 500 Plm-3, 700 Plm-3), showing as more promising results, that the crops at high densities of sowing (500 Plm-3) are highly productive, reaching sizes of 7.65 g in 90 days, with survival rates higher than 74 %. In chapter 2 the effects of three different types of feeds were compared (MaltaCleyton® super intensive, MaltaCleyton® medium density, Silver cup®). The results of the feed without fishmeal stand out, which was superior in the total biomass produced, and in final weight, besides that the survival showed less standard deviation, which suggests a better uniformity in the treatments. In chapter 3, the effects of three different types of probiotics were compared (EPICIN®-HATCHERIES, EM1 EM Technology®, Neutrobacter®), and it was noted that survival, final weight, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and final biomass were statistically equal to the most demanded probiotic in the market, but at a lower acquisition cost. Finally, it was analyzed the benefit-cost relationship in a super-intensive white shrimp (P. vannamei) culture in densities of 500 Plm-3, commercial probiotic based on Bacillus sp. and balanced feed without protein of marine origin during four cycles of 90 days each; it was observed that in an initial project, from the infrastructure, equipment and operational expenses, these types of cultures are economically viable, obtaining a benefit-cost relationship of 1.21:1, with an internal rate of return of 11.6 %. It is conclusive that the use of other alternatives in the density of sowing, the use of balanced food with a source of non-marine protein and the use of more economic commercial probiotics, allow a survival and growth that allows the economic viability of the superintensive white shrimp (P. vannamei) crops in circular geomembranes in greenhouses with constant cycles during the year. |
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