Emerging roles of novel small non-coding regulatory RNAs in immunity and cancer

The term small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refers to all those RNAs that even without encoding for a protein, can play important functional roles. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA derived fragments (tRFs and rRFs, respectively) are an emerging class of ncRNAs originally considered as simple degradation p...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Rosace, Domenico, López, Judith, Blanco, Sandra
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/202357
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/202357
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Transfer RNA fragments
Ribosomal RNA fragments
tRFs
rRFs
tRNA cleavage
Stress-induced tRNA cleavage
Translation initiation
Immune system
Cancer
Descripción
Sumario:The term small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refers to all those RNAs that even without encoding for a protein, can play important functional roles. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA derived fragments (tRFs and rRFs, respectively) are an emerging class of ncRNAs originally considered as simple degradation products, which though play important roles in stress responses, signalling or gene expression. They control all levels of gene expression regulating transcription and translation and affecting RNA processing and maturation. They have been linked to pivotal cellular processes such as self-renewal, differentiation and proliferation. For this reason, mis-regulation of this novel class of ncRNAs can lead to various pathological processes such as neurodegenerative and development diseases, metabolism and immune system disorders and cancer. In this review we summarize the classification, biogenesis and functions of tRFs and rRFs with a special focus on their role in immunity and cancer.