What makes a food protein unsafe?

With a society increasingly demanding alternative protein food sources, modernised strategies for evaluating the safety of novel proteins are needed. These strategies must address any potential adverse effects novel proteins might pose to human health. Current frameworks for protein safety assessmen...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Ferrari, Arianna, Sánchez-Brunete, Elena, Moreno, F. Javier, Ardizzone, Michele, Dewhurst, Ian, Goumperis, Tilemachos, Fernández-Dumont, Antonio
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/418639
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/418639
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Protein safety
Risk assessment
Toxicity
Allergenicity
Descripción
Sumario:With a society increasingly demanding alternative protein food sources, modernised strategies for evaluating the safety of novel proteins are needed. These strategies must address any potential adverse effects novel proteins might pose to human health. Current frameworks for protein safety assessment are largely adapted from chemical risk assessment methodologies. Unlike small molecules, proteins are large, folded macromolecules with specific sequence motifs and immunogenic potential, and so must be assessed with tools tailored to those characteristics. Identifying and understanding which of these features are undesirable can lay the groundwork for accurately predicting potential adverse effects of novel proteins. There is a clear need for the development of risk assessment strategies specifically designed for proteins, grounded in biological relevance and supported by current knowledge about proteins and modern bioinformatics pipelines (e.g., sequence‐motif screening, machine-learning models) and advances in structural biology. This review offers insights on common molecular features and properties of known hazardous proteins, and their potential systematic application in the safety evaluations of food proteins.