Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults

Lutein (Lut) and zeaxanthin (Zeax) are found in the blood and are deposited in the retina (macular pigment). Both are found in the diet in free form and esterified with fatty acids. A high intake and/or status is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, especially eye diseases. There is a l...

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Autores: Olmedilla-Alonso, Begoña, Granado Lorencio, Fernando, Castro-Feito, Julio, Herrero-Barbudo, Carmen, Blanco, Inmaculada, Estévez Santiago, Rocío
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/359392
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/359392
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Lutein intake
Blood lutein
Lutein free
Lutein ester
Contrast sensitivity
Zeaxanthin
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spelling Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adultsOlmedilla-Alonso, BegoñaGranado Lorencio, FernandoCastro-Feito, JulioHerrero-Barbudo, CarmenBlanco, InmaculadaEstévez Santiago, RocíoLutein intakeBlood luteinLutein freeLutein esterContrast sensitivityZeaxanthinLutein (Lut) and zeaxanthin (Zeax) are found in the blood and are deposited in the retina (macular pigment). Both are found in the diet in free form and esterified with fatty acids. A high intake and/or status is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, especially eye diseases. There is a large global demand for Lut in the dietary supplement market, with marigold flowers being the main source, mainly as lutein esters. As the bioavailability of Lut from free or ester forms is controversial, our aim was to assess the bioavailability of Lut (free vs. ester) and visual contrast threshold (CT). Twenty-four healthy subjects (twelve women, twelve men), aged 20–35 and 50–65 years, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study to consume 6 mg lutein/day from marigold extract (free vs. ester) for two months. Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 15, 40, and 60 days in each period. Serum Lut and Zeax were analysed using HPLC, and dietary intake was determined with a 7-day food record at the beginning of each period. CT, with and without glare, was at 0 and 60 days at three levels of visual angle. Lut + Zeax intake at baseline was 1.9 mg/day, and serum lutein was 0.36 µmol/L. Serum lutein increased 2.4-fold on day 15 (up to 0.81 and 0.90 µmol/L with free and ester lutein, respectively) and was maintained until the end of the study. Serum Zeax increased 1.7-fold. There were no differences in serum Lut responses to free or ester lutein at any time point. CT responses to lutein supplementation (free vs. ester) were not different at any time point. CT correlated with Lut under glare conditions, and better correlations were obtained at low frequencies in the whole group due to the older group. The highest correlations occurred between CT at high frequency and with glare with serum Lut and Lut + Zeax. Only in the older group were inverse correlations found at baseline at a high frequency with L + Z and with Lut/cholesterol and at a low frequency with Lut/cholesterol. In conclusion, daily supplementation with Lut for 15 days significantly increases serum Lut in normolipemic adults to levels associated with a reduced risk of age-related eye disease regardless of the chemical form of lutein supplied. Longer supplementation, up to two months, does not significantly alter the concentration achieved but may contribute to an increase in macular pigment (a long-term marker of lutein status) and thus improve the effect on visual outcomes.This research was funded by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), grant P. Intramural Especial 2006701208.Peer reviewedMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2024202420242024info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/359392reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)InglésOlmedilla-Alonso, Begoña; Granado Lorencio, Fernando; Castro-Feito, Julio; Herrero-Barbudo, Carmen; Blanco, Inmaculada; Estévez Santiago, Rocío; 2024; Supplementary Materials: Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults [Dataset]; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101415https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101415Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3593922026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults
title Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults
spellingShingle Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults
Olmedilla-Alonso, Begoña
Lutein intake
Blood lutein
Lutein free
Lutein ester
Contrast sensitivity
Zeaxanthin
title_short Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults
title_full Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults
title_fullStr Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults
title_full_unstemmed Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults
title_sort Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Olmedilla-Alonso, Begoña
Granado Lorencio, Fernando
Castro-Feito, Julio
Herrero-Barbudo, Carmen
Blanco, Inmaculada
Estévez Santiago, Rocío
author Olmedilla-Alonso, Begoña
author_facet Olmedilla-Alonso, Begoña
Granado Lorencio, Fernando
Castro-Feito, Julio
Herrero-Barbudo, Carmen
Blanco, Inmaculada
Estévez Santiago, Rocío
author_role author
author2 Granado Lorencio, Fernando
Castro-Feito, Julio
Herrero-Barbudo, Carmen
Blanco, Inmaculada
Estévez Santiago, Rocío
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Lutein intake
Blood lutein
Lutein free
Lutein ester
Contrast sensitivity
Zeaxanthin
topic Lutein intake
Blood lutein
Lutein free
Lutein ester
Contrast sensitivity
Zeaxanthin
description Lutein (Lut) and zeaxanthin (Zeax) are found in the blood and are deposited in the retina (macular pigment). Both are found in the diet in free form and esterified with fatty acids. A high intake and/or status is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases, especially eye diseases. There is a large global demand for Lut in the dietary supplement market, with marigold flowers being the main source, mainly as lutein esters. As the bioavailability of Lut from free or ester forms is controversial, our aim was to assess the bioavailability of Lut (free vs. ester) and visual contrast threshold (CT). Twenty-four healthy subjects (twelve women, twelve men), aged 20–35 and 50–65 years, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study to consume 6 mg lutein/day from marigold extract (free vs. ester) for two months. Blood samples were taken at baseline and after 15, 40, and 60 days in each period. Serum Lut and Zeax were analysed using HPLC, and dietary intake was determined with a 7-day food record at the beginning of each period. CT, with and without glare, was at 0 and 60 days at three levels of visual angle. Lut + Zeax intake at baseline was 1.9 mg/day, and serum lutein was 0.36 µmol/L. Serum lutein increased 2.4-fold on day 15 (up to 0.81 and 0.90 µmol/L with free and ester lutein, respectively) and was maintained until the end of the study. Serum Zeax increased 1.7-fold. There were no differences in serum Lut responses to free or ester lutein at any time point. CT responses to lutein supplementation (free vs. ester) were not different at any time point. CT correlated with Lut under glare conditions, and better correlations were obtained at low frequencies in the whole group due to the older group. The highest correlations occurred between CT at high frequency and with glare with serum Lut and Lut + Zeax. Only in the older group were inverse correlations found at baseline at a high frequency with L + Z and with Lut/cholesterol and at a low frequency with Lut/cholesterol. In conclusion, daily supplementation with Lut for 15 days significantly increases serum Lut in normolipemic adults to levels associated with a reduced risk of age-related eye disease regardless of the chemical form of lutein supplied. Longer supplementation, up to two months, does not significantly alter the concentration achieved but may contribute to an increase in macular pigment (a long-term marker of lutein status) and thus improve the effect on visual outcomes.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2024
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/359392
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/359392
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Olmedilla-Alonso, Begoña; Granado Lorencio, Fernando; Castro-Feito, Julio; Herrero-Barbudo, Carmen; Blanco, Inmaculada; Estévez Santiago, Rocío; 2024; Supplementary Materials: Bioavailability of lutein from marigold flowers (free vs. ester forms): A randomised cross-over study to assess serum response and visual contrast threshold in adults [Dataset]; Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101415
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16101415
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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