3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations

MIMO technology has been studied in textbooks for several decades and has been adopted in 4G and 5G systems. In particular, 3GPP 5G has adopted a hybrid beamforming architecture (with digital and analog parts) and a closed-loop MIMO mechanism, through which channel state information (CSI) is acquire...

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Autores: Bojovic, B., Lagen, S.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
Repositorio:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
OAI Identifier:oai:cttc.fundanetsuite.com:p8544
Acceso en línea:https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=8544
https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85209667679?origin=resultslist
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:3G mobile communication systems
4G mobile communication systems
Beam forming networks
Beamforming
Digital elevation model
Loop antennas
Open source software
5g NR
5g-LENA
Closed-loop
Full MIMO
Network simulators
Ns-3
Precoding
Precoding type-I
Single user MIMO
Spatial multiplexing
5G mobile communication systems
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spelling 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulationsBojovic, B.Lagen, S.3G mobile communication systems4G mobile communication systemsBeam forming networksBeamformingDigital elevation modelLoop antennasOpen source software5g NR5g-LENAClosed-loopFull MIMONetwork simulatorsNs-3PrecodingPrecoding type-ISingle user MIMOSpatial multiplexing5G mobile communication systemsMIMO technology has been studied in textbooks for several decades and has been adopted in 4G and 5G systems. In particular, 3GPP 5G has adopted a hybrid beamforming architecture (with digital and analog parts) and a closed-loop MIMO mechanism, through which channel state information (CSI) is acquired at the gNB thanks to precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and rank indicator (RI) reports from the user. In the case of single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), codebook-based precoding Type-I has been defined. Due to the recent evolution in 5G and beyond networks, designed to cover a wide range of use cases with every time more complex applications, it is essential to have network simulation tools (such as ns-3) that accurately model 5G network capabilities such as MIMO. Up to date, the well-known ns-3 simulator has been missing the inclusion of general and standard-compliant SU-MIMO models for 5G. To cover this gap, in this paper, we propose and implement a 3GPP-compliant closed-loop SU-MIMO simulation model and provide an exhaustive evaluation in the 5G-LENA module of ns-3. As per 3GPP 5G, we adopt a hybrid beamforming architecture, a closed-loop MIMO with PMI and RI reports aligned with 3GPP specifications, and codebook-based precoding following precoding Type-I. The simulation models are released as open-source and currently support up to 32 antenna ports and 4 streams per user. The simulation results presented in this paper help in testing and verifying the simulated models for different antenna configurations. Finally, we analyze the impact of realistic PHY modeling on the computational complexity and discuss some possible optimizations for large-scale network simulations. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Elsevier2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttps://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=8544https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85209667679?origin=resultslistCOMPUTER NETWORKSISSN: 13891286ISSNe: 18727069reponame:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)instname:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)Inglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:cttc.fundanetsuite.com:p85442026-06-17T11:44:47Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations
title 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations
spellingShingle 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations
Bojovic, B.
3G mobile communication systems
4G mobile communication systems
Beam forming networks
Beamforming
Digital elevation model
Loop antennas
Open source software
5g NR
5g-LENA
Closed-loop
Full MIMO
Network simulators
Ns-3
Precoding
Precoding type-I
Single user MIMO
Spatial multiplexing
5G mobile communication systems
title_short 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations
title_full 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations
title_fullStr 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations
title_full_unstemmed 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations
title_sort 3GPP-compliant single-user MIMO model for high-fidelity mobile network simulations
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bojovic, B.
Lagen, S.
author Bojovic, B.
author_facet Bojovic, B.
Lagen, S.
author_role author
author2 Lagen, S.
author2_role author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv 3G mobile communication systems
4G mobile communication systems
Beam forming networks
Beamforming
Digital elevation model
Loop antennas
Open source software
5g NR
5g-LENA
Closed-loop
Full MIMO
Network simulators
Ns-3
Precoding
Precoding type-I
Single user MIMO
Spatial multiplexing
5G mobile communication systems
topic 3G mobile communication systems
4G mobile communication systems
Beam forming networks
Beamforming
Digital elevation model
Loop antennas
Open source software
5g NR
5g-LENA
Closed-loop
Full MIMO
Network simulators
Ns-3
Precoding
Precoding type-I
Single user MIMO
Spatial multiplexing
5G mobile communication systems
description MIMO technology has been studied in textbooks for several decades and has been adopted in 4G and 5G systems. In particular, 3GPP 5G has adopted a hybrid beamforming architecture (with digital and analog parts) and a closed-loop MIMO mechanism, through which channel state information (CSI) is acquired at the gNB thanks to precoding matrix indicator (PMI) and rank indicator (RI) reports from the user. In the case of single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), codebook-based precoding Type-I has been defined. Due to the recent evolution in 5G and beyond networks, designed to cover a wide range of use cases with every time more complex applications, it is essential to have network simulation tools (such as ns-3) that accurately model 5G network capabilities such as MIMO. Up to date, the well-known ns-3 simulator has been missing the inclusion of general and standard-compliant SU-MIMO models for 5G. To cover this gap, in this paper, we propose and implement a 3GPP-compliant closed-loop SU-MIMO simulation model and provide an exhaustive evaluation in the 5G-LENA module of ns-3. As per 3GPP 5G, we adopt a hybrid beamforming architecture, a closed-loop MIMO with PMI and RI reports aligned with 3GPP specifications, and codebook-based precoding following precoding Type-I. The simulation models are released as open-source and currently support up to 32 antenna ports and 4 streams per user. The simulation results presented in this paper help in testing and verifying the simulated models for different antenna configurations. Finally, we analyze the impact of realistic PHY modeling on the computational complexity and discuss some possible optimizations for large-scale network simulations. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=8544
https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85209667679?origin=resultslist
url https://cttc.fundanetsuite.com/Publicaciones/ProdCientif/PublicacionFrw.aspx?id=8544
https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85209667679?origin=resultslist
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv COMPUTER NETWORKS
ISSN: 13891286
ISSNe: 18727069
reponame:r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
instname:Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
instname_str Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
reponame_str r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
collection r-CTTC. Repositorio Institucional Producción Científica del Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.812455

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