Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites

A flame-retardant composition (FRC) composed of a surface-treated calcium carbonate-based mineral, having high porosity and loaded with deliquescent calcium chloride, was assessed for its potential as a flame retardant. Two FRCs with 16% and 26% calcium chloride (dry solid) stored in the pore struct...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Ozyhar, Tomasz, Tschannen, Christof, Hilty, Florentine, Thoemen, Heiko Thoemen, Schoelkopf, Joachim, Zoppe, Justin Orazio|||0000-0002-3599-9227
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/335731
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/335731
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00226-020-01230-0
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Materials at high temperatures
Materials a altes temperatures
Foc -- Control
Fusta
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria dels materials
id ES_7586816700cdc8b6b71b68589deca7fe
oai_identifier_str oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/335731
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood compositesOzyhar, TomaszTschannen, ChristofHilty, FlorentineThoemen, Heiko ThoemenSchoelkopf, JoachimZoppe, Justin Orazio|||0000-0002-3599-9227Materials at high temperaturesMaterials a altes temperaturesFoc -- ControlFustaÀrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria dels materialsA flame-retardant composition (FRC) composed of a surface-treated calcium carbonate-based mineral, having high porosity and loaded with deliquescent calcium chloride, was assessed for its potential as a flame retardant. Two FRCs with 16% and 26% calcium chloride (dry solid) stored in the pore structure, respectively, were studied with respect to their ability to absorb and release free water, and their efficacy in melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites was investigated. Water absorption capacity was determined by performing absorption tests at a temperature of 20 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 65% and 95%, and the water release behavior was studied by performing thermogravimetric analysis. The FRCs have the capacity to hold substantial amounts of water (up to 60 wt%), but still behave as a free-flowing powder. The influence of addition of 10 and 20 wt% FRC in wood composites on reaction to fire and strength properties was determined by measuring the self-extinguishing time after flame exposure and internal bond strength, respectively. These effects were evaluated by comparison with ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and commercially available nitrogen containing phosphorus-based fire retardant. Although the FRCs had a negative impact on internal bond strength, the results confirmed their flame-retardant potential and showed that 10–15% by weight of the flame retardant would be a good compromise, in terms of the trade-off between flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The synergistic effects of multiple flame retardancy reaction mechanisms due to the presence of inorganic minerals and a hygroscopic agent, CaCl2, are also discussed. The unique properties of the FRC, which allow to exploit the fire-retardant potential of CaCl2 while at the same time eliminating the risk associated with the emission of hydrogen chloride gas during combustion, are confirmed by the results of FTIR spectroscopic analyses of the flue gas.Peer Reviewed20202020-11-0520212021-01-21journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501AMhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2117/335731https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00226-020-01230-0reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPCinstname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spainhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/3357312026-05-27T15:37:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites
title Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites
spellingShingle Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites
Ozyhar, Tomasz
Materials at high temperatures
Materials a altes temperatures
Foc -- Control
Fusta
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria dels materials
title_short Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites
title_full Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites
title_fullStr Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites
title_full_unstemmed Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites
title_sort Mineral-based composition with deliquescent salt as flame retardant for melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ozyhar, Tomasz
Tschannen, Christof
Hilty, Florentine
Thoemen, Heiko Thoemen
Schoelkopf, Joachim
Zoppe, Justin Orazio|||0000-0002-3599-9227
author Ozyhar, Tomasz
author_facet Ozyhar, Tomasz
Tschannen, Christof
Hilty, Florentine
Thoemen, Heiko Thoemen
Schoelkopf, Joachim
Zoppe, Justin Orazio|||0000-0002-3599-9227
author_role author
author2 Tschannen, Christof
Hilty, Florentine
Thoemen, Heiko Thoemen
Schoelkopf, Joachim
Zoppe, Justin Orazio|||0000-0002-3599-9227
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Materials at high temperatures
Materials a altes temperatures
Foc -- Control
Fusta
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria dels materials
topic Materials at high temperatures
Materials a altes temperatures
Foc -- Control
Fusta
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria dels materials
description A flame-retardant composition (FRC) composed of a surface-treated calcium carbonate-based mineral, having high porosity and loaded with deliquescent calcium chloride, was assessed for its potential as a flame retardant. Two FRCs with 16% and 26% calcium chloride (dry solid) stored in the pore structure, respectively, were studied with respect to their ability to absorb and release free water, and their efficacy in melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF)-bonded wood composites was investigated. Water absorption capacity was determined by performing absorption tests at a temperature of 20 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 65% and 95%, and the water release behavior was studied by performing thermogravimetric analysis. The FRCs have the capacity to hold substantial amounts of water (up to 60 wt%), but still behave as a free-flowing powder. The influence of addition of 10 and 20 wt% FRC in wood composites on reaction to fire and strength properties was determined by measuring the self-extinguishing time after flame exposure and internal bond strength, respectively. These effects were evaluated by comparison with ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and commercially available nitrogen containing phosphorus-based fire retardant. Although the FRCs had a negative impact on internal bond strength, the results confirmed their flame-retardant potential and showed that 10–15% by weight of the flame retardant would be a good compromise, in terms of the trade-off between flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The synergistic effects of multiple flame retardancy reaction mechanisms due to the presence of inorganic minerals and a hygroscopic agent, CaCl2, are also discussed. The unique properties of the FRC, which allow to exploit the fire-retardant potential of CaCl2 while at the same time eliminating the risk associated with the emission of hydrogen chloride gas during combustion, are confirmed by the results of FTIR spectroscopic analyses of the flue gas.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020-11-05
2021
2021-01-21
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
AM
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2117/335731
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00226-020-01230-0
url https://hdl.handle.net/2117/335731
https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/S00226-020-01230-0
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
instname:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
instname_str Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
reponame_str UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
collection UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869410986939645952
score 15,300719

Similares en LA Referencia