Efectos del flujo vehicular y morfología de cañones urbanos en la exposición de MP2,5 en ciclovías de la comuna de Santiago
The urbanization on the territory leaves consequences in the environment, which can affect the people’s quality of life, such as air pollution. One of the main sources of emission of urban air pollution is vehicular transport, which in Santiago represents the second source with the highest emissions...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis de maestría |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2018 |
| País: | Chile |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:repositorio.anid.cl:10533/232847 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/10533/232847 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Ciencias Naturales Otras Ciencias Naturales |
| Sumario: | The urbanization on the territory leaves consequences in the environment, which can affect the people’s quality of life, such as air pollution. One of the main sources of emission of urban air pollution is vehicular transport, which in Santiago represents the second source with the highest emissions of the PM2,5 pollutant. The bicycle is shown as one of the solutions to reduce the use of motorized vehicles, but cyclists can be affected by pollution from cars, which becomes a disincentive. This work focuses on the exposure of cyclists to PM2,5, assessing their relationship with urban factors that can influence the behavior of pollution, urban morphology and traffic. This study is carried out in two bike paths of the commune of Santiago, which is the commune where the urban center of the city of Santiago is located. One of the characteristics of the commune of Santiago is its high population demography, which is why it is possible to find areas with high-rise buildings that produce urban canyons and streets with heavy traffic. The descriptive analysis of the environmental characteristics of the bikeways studied showed a relationship between traffic and PM2,5 exposure, as well as a relationship between urban morphology and PM2,5 exposure. The reasons are that cycle path with the heaviest traffic had an average double of concentration over the other bike lane, as well as the bike lane with a more closed morphology increased its values when the climatic conditions favored the dispersion of the pollutant.The statistical analysis focused on a multivariate regression between the measured values of both urban factors and those of air pollution, giving results with high correlation, positives and statistically significant to the relationship. This result implies that the synergy of all the measured variables generates effects on the behavior of the PM2,5. In addition, it was evaluated if the behavior of the concentration of the pollutant studied was possible to predict through a microscale modeling, the results of the measurement in the bike paths were compared with the modeled and the results were not similar. Therefore, the model is not recommended to be used as a predictor of contamination. To add knowledge about cyclists' exposure to environmental pollutants, the daily inhaled pollutant profiles were compared between a person at rest and two cyclists using the measured bicycle lanes. From these data it was obtained that the cyclist can get to inhale between 10 to 20 times more than the person at rest, which verified the high exposure of cyclists. Finally, the study proposes possible metering to reduce cyclists' high exposure to atmospheric pollutants, such as widening the bike paths and using green lanes, to hinder the movement of pollutants to cyclist. In this way it seeks to show the exposure of cyclists to the authorities and motivate them to improve this situation. |
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