Measures of polarization of income distribution and its evolution in Brazil from 1995 to 2021

The importance of distinguishing bipolarization from multipolarization in the analysis of income distribution is emphasized and the interpretation of the main measures for these concepts is discussed. Using PNAD data, we analyze the evolution of bipolarization of the distribution of per capita house...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Hoffmann, Rodolfo, Jesus, Josimar Gonçalves de
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:Brasil
Institución:Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)
Repositorio:Revista Brasileira de Economia Social e do Trabalho
Idioma:portugués
OAI Identifier:oai:inpec.econtents.bc.unicamp.br:article/17421
Acceso en línea:https://econtents.bc.unicamp.br/inpec/index.php/rbest/article/view/17421
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Income distribution
Income polarization
Inequality – Brazil
Distribuição de renda
Polarização da renda
Desigualdade – Brasil
Distribución de la renta
Polarización de la renta
Desigualdad – Brasil
Distribution des revenus
Polarisation des revenus
Inégalité – Brésil
Descripción
Sumario:The importance of distinguishing bipolarization from multipolarization in the analysis of income distribution is emphasized and the interpretation of the main measures for these concepts is discussed. Using PNAD data, we analyze the evolution of bipolarization of the distribution of per capita household income in Brazil from 1995 to 2021, showing that it is very similar to the evolution of inequality. Using the same database, the evolution of the multipolarization measure of Esteban and Ray from 1995 to 2015 is analysed, showing the importance of choosing the appropriate value of the respective parameter (α) of multipolarization sensitivity. It is verified that with α = 1 this measure captures the growing relevance, in the period 1995-2015, of the spike of incomes equal to the minimum wage. It is demonstrated that the “median relative polarization” of Handcock and Morris (1999) does not capture changes in polarization; and papers with false results on the evolution of the polarization of income distribution in Brazil are criticized.