COVID-19-Related Cholangiopathy: Histological Findings

Cholangiopathy has been described in survivors of severe COVID-19, presenting significant clinical parallels to the pre-pandemic condition of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP). We aimed to examine the liver histopathology of individuals with persistent cholestasis...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Borges, Valéria, Cotrim, Helma, Andrade, Antônio, Mendes, Liliana, Penna, Francisco, Silva, Marcelo, Salomão, Frederico, Freitas, Luiz
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2024
País:Brasil
Institución:Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)
Repositorio:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ (ARCA)
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:arca.fiocruz.br:icict/72254
Acceso en línea:https://arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/72254
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Bile duct diseases
Pathology
Cholestasis
COVID-19
Sclerosing cholangitis
Cholangiopathy
Post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy
Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients
Doenças dos Ductos Biliares
Patologia
Colestase
Covid-19
Colangite esclerosante
Descripción
Sumario:Cholangiopathy has been described in survivors of severe COVID-19, presenting significant clinical parallels to the pre-pandemic condition of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP). We aimed to examine the liver histopathology of individuals with persistent cholestasis after severe COVID-19. Methods: We subjected post-COVID-19 cholestasis liver samples to routine staining techniques and cytokeratin 7 immunostaining and semi-quantitatively analyzed the portal and parenchymal changes. Results: All ten patients, five men, had a median age of 56, an interquartile range (IQR) of 51-60, and required intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. The median and IQR liver enzyme concentrations proximal to biopsy were in IU/L: ALP 645 (390-1256); GGT 925 (664-2169); ALT 100 (86-113); AST 87 (68-106); and bilirubin 4 (1-9) mg/dL. Imaging revealed intrahepatic bile duct anomalies and biliary casts. We performed biopsies at a median of 203 (150-249) days after molecular confirmation of infection. We found portal and periportal fibrosis, moderate-to-severe ductular proliferation, and bile duct dystrophy in all patients, while we observed hepatocyte biliary metaplasia in all tested cases. We observed mild-to-severe parenchymal cholestasis and bile plugs in nine and six cases. We also observed mild swelling of the arteriolar endothelial cells in five patients. We observed a thrombus in a small portal vein branch and mild periductal fibrosis in one case each. One patient developed multiple small biliary infarctions. We did not observe ductopenia in any patient. Conclusions: The alterations were like those observed in SSC-CIP; however, pronounced swelling of endothelial cells, necrosis of the vessel walls, and thrombosis in small vessels were notable.