Genomic insights into Respiratory Syncytial Virus circulation patterns and neutralization by Anti-F Monoclonal Antibodies in Panama (2018–2024)

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization in infants and children. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) plays a critical role in understanding the evolution and epidemiology of RSV. Limited studies have been conducted in Centr...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Franco, Danilo, Goya, Stephanie, Martínez, Alexander, Mas, Vicente, Moreno, Brechla, Valdespino, Elimelec, Gaitán, Melissa, Sáenz, Lisseth, González, Claudia, Moreno, Ambar, Capitan-Barrios, Zeuz, Carrera, Jean Paul, López-Vergès, Sandra, Pascale, Juan Miguel, Moltó, Yadira, Moreno, Lourdes, Rizo, Belmaris, Urriola, Enrique, Delgado, Teresa, Iglesias-Caballero, María, Casas, Inmaculada, Das, S., Arbiza, Juan, Delfraro Vázquez, Adriana Beatriz, Ábrego Sánchez, Leyda E.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:Uruguay
Institución:Universidad de la República
Repositorio:COLIBRI
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:colibri.udelar.edu.uy:20.500.12008/54237
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12008/54237
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Lineages
Nirsevimab
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Descripción
Sumario:Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization in infants and children. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) plays a critical role in understanding the evolution and epidemiology of RSV. Limited studies have been conducted in Central America and the Caribbean, and none have specifically focused on lineages involved in recent outbreaks. Furthermore, no assays currently exist to evaluate the sensitivity of the RSV fusion protein to monoclonal antibodies. Methods: In Panama, an epidemiological surveillance system tracks RSV activity through the collection of nasopharyngeal samples from patients with acute respiratory infections. Between January 2018 and July 2024, 303 RSV-positive samples were analyzed by RT-qPCR. RSV-B was the dominant subgroup in 2018, but following years had alternating dominance between RSV-A and RSV-B. Of the 303 samples, 115 underwent WGS. Additionally, neutralization assays were done using different Anti-F Monoclonal Antibodies. Results: In RSV-A, 11 lineages were identified, with 3 to 5 cocirculating during each annual outbreak, and a shift in predominance from A.D.1 (2019) to A.D.5.2 (2023–2024). In RSV-B, two lineages circulated: B.D.4.1.1 (2018–2020) and its descendant B.D.E.1, which predominated from 2021 onward. Several monoclonal antibodies, including nirsevimab's precursor MEDI8897*, effectively neutralized the RSV strains in neutralization assays. Conclusions: Although Panama has not yet implemented a preventive therapy for RSV, this step could modify outbreak dynamics. The findings from this study provide a baseline reference prior to the implementation of preventive therapies against RSV in Panama and the region, facilitating the assessment of potential changes in the evolutionary dynamics of the virus.

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