Effective dose from external radiation and 222Rn exhalation of construction materials manufactured with carbonated alkaline waste materials

The use of alkaline waste in construction enables dual CO2 removal, both through carbonation processes employed to enhance their properties as construction materials and by substituting them in cement production. However, despite their environmental benefits and demonstrated properties such as stren...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Suárez Navarro, José Antonio, Moreno de los Reyes, A.M., Expósito-Suárez, Víctor Manuel, Guerrero Bustos, Ana María, Frías, Moisés, Hernáiz, Guillermo, Benavente, José Francisco
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:digitalcsic_::780512aa2c4a052dfb6fccc816ddbab2
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/430346
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105036198445
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:222Rn emanation
Alkaline waste
Biomass ash
Gamma spectrometry
Supplementary cementitious materials
Descripción
Sumario:The use of alkaline waste in construction enables dual CO2 removal, both through carbonation processes employed to enhance their properties as construction materials and by substituting them in cement production. However, despite their environmental benefits and demonstrated properties such as strength, water absorption, chemical reactivity, porosity, etc., these materials may contain natural radionuclides at elevated activity concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse these materials to ensure their safety from a radiological protection perspective for humans and the environment. The alkaline supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) studied were a white steel slag (LFS), a biomass ash (BA), and a siliceous construction and demolition waste (CDW). This study presents the radiological characterisation via gamma spectrometry of the individual materials, hardened cement pastes fabricated with 80% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and 20% of these alkaline SCMs, and ground hardened pastes. The alkaline residue BA exhibited high concentrations of 210Pb and 40K (around 5000 Bq kg−1), both with and without accelerated carbonation. However, the absorbed dose rates from external radiation of the final construction materials were lower than the natural background radiation level of 84 nGy h−1. On the other hand, the emanation and exhalation rates of 222Rn, both in the individual materials and in the cement pastes containing 20% of the SCMs, were equivalent to those obtained with OPC cement.