Adherence to a Supplemented Mediterranean Diet Drives Changes in the Gut Microbiota of HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Objective: The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those with an altered inte...

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Authors: Pastor-Ibáñez, Roque|||0000-0002-0787-4638, Blanco-Heredia, Juan|||0000-0001-9526-7450, Etcheverry, Florencia, Sánchez-Palomino, Sonsoles, Díez-Fuertes, Francisco|||0000-0003-2413-9229, Casas, Rosa|||0000-0002-0211-9166, Navarrete-Muñoz, María Ángeles, Castro Barquero, Sara|||0000-0002-6876-5443, Lucero, Constanza, Fernandez, Irene, Leal, Lorna|||0000-0001-7887-6027, Benito, José Miguel|||0000-0002-7172-049X, Noguera-Julian, Marc|||0000-0002-6194-1395, Paredes, Roger|||0000-0002-6553-691X, Rallón, Norma|||0000-0002-4643-247X, Estruch, Ramón|||0000-0003-1260-4445, Torrents, David|||0000-0002-6086-9037, García, Felipe|||0000-0001-7658-5832
Format: article
Publication Date:2021
Country:España
Institution:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repository:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:255428
Online Access:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/255428
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.3390/nu13041141
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Gut microbiota
Supplemented Mediterranean diet
Lipids
Lymphocyte subsets
HIV-1
Treg cells
Description
Summary:Objective: The health effects of a supplemented Mediterranean diet (SMD) with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts are well documented in non-HIV-infected individuals. We hypothesised that the benefits of an SMD could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota, even in those with an altered intestinal microbiota such as people living with HIV. Design: Individuals living with HIV (n = 102) were randomised to receive an SMD with 50 g/day of EVOO and 30 g/day of walnuts (SMD group) or continue with their regular diet (control group) for 12 weeks. Methods: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the validated 14-item MD-Adherence-Screener (MEDAS) from the PREDIMED study. A sub-study classifying the participants according to their MEDAS scores was performed. Results: The lipid profile was improved in the SMD group vs. that in the control group (delta-total cholesterol and delta-B-lipoprotein). The immune activation (CD4+HLADR+CD38+ and CD8+HLADR+CD38+ cells) and IFN-γ-producing T-cells significantly decreased at week 12 compared to the baseline in the SMD group but not in the control group. The gut microbiota in those from the high-adherence group presented significantly high diversity and richness at the end of the intervention. Succinivibrio and Bifidobacterium abundances were influenced by the adherence to the MD and significantly correlated with Treg cells. Conclusion: The Mediterranean diet improved metabolic parameters, immune activation, Treg function, and the gut microbiota composition in HIV-1-infected individuals. Further, Mediterranean diet increased the Bifidobacterium abundances after the intervention, and it was associated to a beneficial profile.

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