CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies

Scaling up CO2 electroreduction to formate requires optimizing electrode design and reactor configuration. Gas diffusion electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies enable high CO2 transport and production rates, but long-term stability remains challenging. Flow cells offer better scalability than...

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Autores: Abarca González, José Antonio|||0000-0003-0120-8682, Díaz Sainz, Guillermo, Irabien Gulías, Ángel|||0000-0002-2411-4163
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositorio:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:ucreareposit::b995d53ff9a7249b527761c5f4a6dabd
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39757
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:CO2 electroreduction
Formate production
Scale-up challenges
GDE
MEA
Electrolyzer engineering
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spelling CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologiesAbarca González, José Antonio|||0000-0003-0120-8682Díaz Sainz, GuillermoIrabien Gulías, Ángel|||0000-0002-2411-4163CO2 electroreductionFormate productionScale-up challengesGDEMEAElectrolyzer engineeringScaling up CO2 electroreduction to formate requires optimizing electrode design and reactor configuration. Gas diffusion electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies enable high CO2 transport and production rates, but long-term stability remains challenging. Flow cells offer better scalability than H-type cells, supporting continuous operation and improved mass transfer. In large systems, uniform CO2 distribution and pressure balance are critical to prevent performance losses. Strategies like stacked cell designs to increase electrolyzer surface area must also be considered. Addressing electrode durability and reactor engineering challenges is essential for advancing industrial implementation of CO2 electroreduction to formate.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support through projects PLEC2022-009398 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and European Union Next GenerationEU/ PRTR), PID2022-138491OB-C31 (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and FEDER, UE), and the Complementary Plan in the area of “Energy and Renewable Hydrogen” (funded by Autonomous Community of Cantabria, Spain, and the European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR). The present work is related to CAPTUS Project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020- Research and Innovation Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 101118265. Jose Antonio Abarca gratefully acknowledges the predoctoral research grant (FPI) PRE2021-097200.American Chemical SocietyUniversidad de Cantabria20262026-02-23journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/39757ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2026, 9(4), 2041-2049reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:ucreareposit::b995d53ff9a7249b527761c5f4a6dabd2026-06-02T12:39:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies
title CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies
spellingShingle CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies
Abarca González, José Antonio|||0000-0003-0120-8682
CO2 electroreduction
Formate production
Scale-up challenges
GDE
MEA
Electrolyzer engineering
title_short CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies
title_full CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies
title_fullStr CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies
title_full_unstemmed CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies
title_sort CO2 electroreduction to formate: advancing toward scalable technologies
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Abarca González, José Antonio|||0000-0003-0120-8682
Díaz Sainz, Guillermo
Irabien Gulías, Ángel|||0000-0002-2411-4163
author Abarca González, José Antonio|||0000-0003-0120-8682
author_facet Abarca González, José Antonio|||0000-0003-0120-8682
Díaz Sainz, Guillermo
Irabien Gulías, Ángel|||0000-0002-2411-4163
author_role author
author2 Díaz Sainz, Guillermo
Irabien Gulías, Ángel|||0000-0002-2411-4163
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cantabria
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv CO2 electroreduction
Formate production
Scale-up challenges
GDE
MEA
Electrolyzer engineering
topic CO2 electroreduction
Formate production
Scale-up challenges
GDE
MEA
Electrolyzer engineering
description Scaling up CO2 electroreduction to formate requires optimizing electrode design and reactor configuration. Gas diffusion electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies enable high CO2 transport and production rates, but long-term stability remains challenging. Flow cells offer better scalability than H-type cells, supporting continuous operation and improved mass transfer. In large systems, uniform CO2 distribution and pressure balance are critical to prevent performance losses. Strategies like stacked cell designs to increase electrolyzer surface area must also be considered. Addressing electrode durability and reactor engineering challenges is essential for advancing industrial implementation of CO2 electroreduction to formate.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026-02-23
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39757
url https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39757
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Chemical Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv American Chemical Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2026, 9(4), 2041-2049
reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
instname_str Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
reponame_str UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
collection UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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