Risk of tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis contacts: the importance of time of exposure to index cases

Introduction: The intensity of exposure to index cases of tuberculosis [TB] may increase the risk of TB in their contacts. The aim was to determine TB risk factors among contacts of TB index cases. Methods: A cohort study was carried out in the contacts of pulmonary TB cases registered by the epidem...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Godoy, Sofía, Parrón, Ignacio, Millet, Joan Pau, Caylà, Joan A., Follia, Núria, Carol, Monica, Orcau, Angels, Alsedà Graells, Miquel, Toledo, Diana, Plans, Pere, Ferrús, Gloria, Barrabeig, Irene, Clotet, Laura, Domínguez, Angela, Godoy i García, Pere
Tipo de documento: artigo
Estado:Versión aceptada para publicación
Data de publicação:2024
País:España
Recursos:Universitat de Lleida (UdL)
Repositório:Repositori Obert UdL
OAI Identifier:oai:repositori.udl.cat:10459.1/469389
Acesso em linha:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.01.004
https://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/469389
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Contact tracing
Epidemiology
Latent tuberculosis infection
Risk factor
Tuberculosis
Descrição
Resumo:Introduction: The intensity of exposure to index cases of tuberculosis [TB] may increase the risk of TB in their contacts. The aim was to determine TB risk factors among contacts of TB index cases. Methods: A cohort study was carried out in the contacts of pulmonary TB cases registered by the epidemiological surveillance network from 01/01/2019 to 06/30/2021. The factors associated with the risk of TB in contacts were determined using the adjusted odds ratio [aOR] and its 95% confidence interval [CI]. Results: From 847 TB cases, 7087 contacts were identified. The prevalence of TB was 2.0% [145/7087] and was higher in < 5 years compared to those ≥ 65 years [4.4% versus 1.2%; p < 0.001], in those exposed ≥ 6 h daily [4%], and < 6 h daily [1.6%] with respect to weekly exposure of < 6 h [0.7%; p < 0.001]. Those contacts exposed ≥ 6 h daily [aOR= 6.9; 95%CI:2.1–22.1], < 5 years [aOR= 8.3; 95%CI:1.8–37.8] and immigrants [aOR= 1.7; 95%CI:1.1–2.7] had a higher risk of TB. Conclusions: The risk of TB increases with the time of exposure to the index case and this risk is also higher in < 5 years and immigrants. Contact tracing has a high yield for detecting new cases of TB.

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