An innovative approach for the recovery of nobiletin, hesperidin, and other phytochemicals from tangerine leaves (Citrus reticulata) by-products using a solvent mixture based on natural compounds
Citrus reticulata leaves, rich in phytochemicals, are underutilized by-products with sustainable valorization potential under Green Chemistry principles. This study developed an eco-friendly solvent combining thymol (Thy), oxalic acid (OA), and ethanol (EtOH) to extract nobiletin and hesperidin guid...
| Autores: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Estado: | Versión aceptada para publicación |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repositorio: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/391034 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/391034 |
| Access Level: | acceso embargado |
| Palabra clave: | Nobiletin Hesperidin Neuroprotective compounds COSMO-RS Thymol: Oxalic acid:Ethanol solvent High-intensity ultrasound |
| Sumario: | Citrus reticulata leaves, rich in phytochemicals, are underutilized by-products with sustainable valorization potential under Green Chemistry principles. This study developed an eco-friendly solvent combining thymol (Thy), oxalic acid (OA), and ethanol (EtOH) to extract nobiletin and hesperidin guided by COSMO-RS and high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS). The optimum solvent composition (0.9 % oxalic acid, 24.1 % thymol and 75 % EtOH) achieved higher yields of nobiletin (0.38 mg mL−1), hesperidin (0.74 mg mL−1) than pure EtOH (0.30 mg mL−1 of nobiletin and 0.64 mg mL−1 of hesperidin). HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and GC–MS analyses revealed that the optimized extract had a more complex phytochemical profile with a richer composition than the EtOH extract. Furthermore, optimized Thy-OA-EtOH extract exhibited superior bioactivity, with enhanced antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects (IC50: 334.40 mg mL−1) compared to HIUS-EtOH (IC50: 1482.20 mg mL−1). This study highlights the potential of natural compound mixtures with HIUS for extracting phytochemicals from citrus leaves for food and pharmaceutical applications. |
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