Wavefront analysis of a focus-tunable lens with gravity compensation
The application of focus-tunable lenses (FTL) has significantly expanded in the field of photonics in the last decade, establishing these devices as fundamental optoelectronic components in most experimental setups. An electrically-addressed FTL allows fine, continuous, and dynamic power adjustment...
| Autores: | , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) |
| Repositorio: | UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/444910 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/2117/444910 https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/adfa58 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Focus tunable lens Wavefront analysis Aberrations Active optics Optoelectronic devices Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria electrònica::Optoelectrònica |
| Sumario: | The application of focus-tunable lenses (FTL) has significantly expanded in the field of photonics in the last decade, establishing these devices as fundamental optoelectronic components in most experimental setups. An electrically-addressed FTL allows fine, continuous, and dynamic power adjustment within a range of diopters. In many applications, the FTL is oriented horizontally, with vertical optical axis. However, those applications requiring alternative orientations are prone to be affected by aberrations due to the gravitational force effects on the optical fluid and elastic membrane of this device. A new FTL introduces a compensation for gravity, aiming to compensate for the induced coma. This study focuses on the optical performance of a gravity-compensated FTL, Optotune EL-16-40-GTC-VIS-5D (Optotune Switzerland AG). A comprehensive experimental wavefront characterization was conducted across the addressable power range (5 D) by measuring and analyzing the induced primary astigmatism, coma and spherical aberrations in a 6 mm-diameter aperture, with 530 nm illumination, with the lens in both horizontal (i.e., parallel to laboratory ground) and vertical (upright) lens orientations. A detailed comparison with two uncompensated standard models of the same brand (Optotune EL-16-40-TC-VIS-5D and EL-16-40-TC-VIS-5D-E) is presented in terms of measured wavefront error. The results showed the gravity-compensated FTL effectively corrected induced vertical coma when used upright. In contrast, the astigmatism induced (0.06 µm in both horizontal and vertical orientations) exceeded the observed vertical coma (around 0.030 µm) of the upright standard models. Additionally, such astigmatism (0.06 µm) is approximately three times greater than the astigmatism induced by the standard models in both positions. These results provide a valuable insight about induced aberrations, which can be particularly relevant for vision testing experiments and adaptive optics applications, both requiring precise aberration control. The astigmatism introduced by gravity-compensated FTLs, as well as other induced aberrations, can be significant, potentially masking the effects of other optical components or acting as confounding factors. |
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