Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds

This study explores the interactions between ozone gas and soil for the remediation of low-permeability soils contaminated with trichlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane, and xylene, and evaluates the synergistic effect of coupling ozonation with electrokinetic treatment. Ozone application alone achie...

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Autores: Bou Habib, Gebran, Tiban Anrango, Bryan Andrés, Lacasa Fernández, Engracia, Cañizares Cañizares, Pablo, Sáez Jiménez, Cristina
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/47009
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.121603
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/47009
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Electrokinetic Remediation
Ozonation
Synergy
Volatile Organic Compounds
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spelling Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compoundsBou Habib, GebranTiban Anrango, Bryan AndrésLacasa Fernández, EngraciaCañizares Cañizares, PabloSáez Jiménez, CristinaElectrokinetic RemediationOzonationSynergyVolatile Organic CompoundsThis study explores the interactions between ozone gas and soil for the remediation of low-permeability soils contaminated with trichlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane, and xylene, and evaluates the synergistic effect of coupling ozonation with electrokinetic treatment. Ozone application alone achieved removal efficiencies exceeding 75 % for trichlorobenzene and 87 % for xylene, primarily through carboxylation and dichlorination pathways. Oxidant delivery emerged as a critical determinant of performance, with degradation rates highest near the injection zone. Soil moisture content strongly influenced efficacy: in dry soils, enhanced gas-phase propagation enabled TCB removals of up to 75 %, whereas in humid soils, the removal rate achieved only 11 %, likely due to limited mass transfer in saturated pores and ozone scavenging in the aqueous phase. Remarkably, integrating electrokinetics with ozonation produced a synergistic effect in VOC removal in humid soils, increasing from 2 % (ozonation) to over 25 % (hybrid remediation) after 4 h of treatment. This is driven by cathodic pH elevation and the generation of hydroxide ions, which accelerate ozone decomposition into species with enhanced reactivity to VOC. These species also propagate through electrochemically driven processes, increasing oxidant exposure. Our findings demonstrate a promising, environmentally friendly approach for treating soils contaminated with diverse VOCs, eliminating the need for harsh oxidant activators and expanding the applicability of ozonation in hybrid remediation strategies.ELSEVIER SCI LTD202620262026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.121603https://hdl.handle.net/10578/47009reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLMinstname:Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaInglésPID2022–140113OB-I00PREP2022–000091info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/470092026-05-27T07:36:41Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds
title Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds
spellingShingle Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds
Bou Habib, Gebran
Electrokinetic Remediation
Ozonation
Synergy
Volatile Organic Compounds
title_short Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds
title_full Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds
title_fullStr Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds
title_full_unstemmed Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds
title_sort Towards the integration of electrochemical technologies for the remediation of low permeable soil polluted with volatile organic compounds
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bou Habib, Gebran
Tiban Anrango, Bryan Andrés
Lacasa Fernández, Engracia
Cañizares Cañizares, Pablo
Sáez Jiménez, Cristina
author Bou Habib, Gebran
author_facet Bou Habib, Gebran
Tiban Anrango, Bryan Andrés
Lacasa Fernández, Engracia
Cañizares Cañizares, Pablo
Sáez Jiménez, Cristina
author_role author
author2 Tiban Anrango, Bryan Andrés
Lacasa Fernández, Engracia
Cañizares Cañizares, Pablo
Sáez Jiménez, Cristina
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Electrokinetic Remediation
Ozonation
Synergy
Volatile Organic Compounds
topic Electrokinetic Remediation
Ozonation
Synergy
Volatile Organic Compounds
description This study explores the interactions between ozone gas and soil for the remediation of low-permeability soils contaminated with trichlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclohexane, and xylene, and evaluates the synergistic effect of coupling ozonation with electrokinetic treatment. Ozone application alone achieved removal efficiencies exceeding 75 % for trichlorobenzene and 87 % for xylene, primarily through carboxylation and dichlorination pathways. Oxidant delivery emerged as a critical determinant of performance, with degradation rates highest near the injection zone. Soil moisture content strongly influenced efficacy: in dry soils, enhanced gas-phase propagation enabled TCB removals of up to 75 %, whereas in humid soils, the removal rate achieved only 11 %, likely due to limited mass transfer in saturated pores and ozone scavenging in the aqueous phase. Remarkably, integrating electrokinetics with ozonation produced a synergistic effect in VOC removal in humid soils, increasing from 2 % (ozonation) to over 25 % (hybrid remediation) after 4 h of treatment. This is driven by cathodic pH elevation and the generation of hydroxide ions, which accelerate ozone decomposition into species with enhanced reactivity to VOC. These species also propagate through electrochemically driven processes, increasing oxidant exposure. Our findings demonstrate a promising, environmentally friendly approach for treating soils contaminated with diverse VOCs, eliminating the need for harsh oxidant activators and expanding the applicability of ozonation in hybrid remediation strategies.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.121603
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/47009
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.121603
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/47009
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv PID2022–140113OB-I00
PREP2022–000091
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv ELSEVIER SCI LTD
publisher.none.fl_str_mv ELSEVIER SCI LTD
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
instname:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
instname_str Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
reponame_str RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
collection RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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