Estudio de la adaptación metabólica en respuesta a estrés: Regulación de la actividad peroxisomal y del metabolismo de esfingolípidos
In the present work we study the metabolic adaptation in response to stress in the yeast model, and more specifically we investigate the regulation of peroxisomal activity and the metabolism of sphingolipids. Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles and the sole location for fatty acid ß-oxidation in yeas...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2017 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) |
| Repositorio: | RiuNet. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia |
| Idioma: | español |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/79083 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/79083 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | peroxisoma mitocondria levadura Hog1 Adr1 Esfingolípidos hexadecenal Hfd1 muerte celular |
| Sumario: | In the present work we study the metabolic adaptation in response to stress in the yeast model, and more specifically we investigate the regulation of peroxisomal activity and the metabolism of sphingolipids. Peroxisomes are dynamic organelles and the sole location for fatty acid ß-oxidation in yeast cells. Here we find that peroxisomal function is crucial for the adaptation to salt stress, especially upon sugar limitation. Multiple layers of control regulate both peroxisomal activity and number upon stress. Activated Hog1 MAP kinase triggers the induction of genes encoding enzymes for fatty acid activation, peroxisomal import and ß-oxidation through the Adr1 transcriptional activator, which transiently associates with genes encoding fatty acid metabolic enzymes in a stress- and Hog1-dependent manner. Moreover, Na+ and Li+ stress induces an increase in peroxisomal number per cell in a Hog1-independent manner, which depends instead of the retrograde pathway and the dynamin related GTPases Dnm1 and Vps1. The strong activation of the Faa1 fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, which specifically localizes to lipid particles and peroxisomes, indicates that adaptation to salt stress requires the enhanced mobilization of fatty acids from internal lipid stores. Taken together, these results suggest that stress-induced peroxisomal ß-oxidation triggers enhanced respiration upon salt shock. Sphingolipids are regulators of mitochondria-mediated cell death in higher eukaryotes. However, how changes in sphingolipid metabolism and downstream intermediates impinge on mitochondrial function is unknown. Here we found in yeast that within the sphingolipid degradation pathway, the production via Dpl1 and degradation via Hfd1 of hexadecenal is critical for mitochondrial function and cell death. Genetic interventions, which favor hexadecenal accumulation, diminish oxygen consumption rates and increase ROS production and mitochondrial fragmentation and viceversa. The location of the hexadecenal degrading enzyme Hfd1 in punctuate structures all along the mitochondrial network depends on a functional ERMES complex, indicating that modulation of hexadecenal levels at specific ER-mitochondria contact sites might be an important trigger of cell death. This is further supported by the finding that externally added hexadecenal or the absence of Hfd1 enhance cell death caused by human Bax protein. Finally, the induction of the sphingolipid degradation pathway upon stress is controlled by the Hog1 MAP kinase. Therefore the stressregulated modulation of sphingolipid degradation might be a conserved way to induce cell death in eukaryotic organisms. |
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