Mecanismos de adaptación de la actividad mitocondrial en respuesta a estrés
[EN] Eukaryotic cells adapt to environmental changes ("stress") through signal transduction pathways which coordinate complex adaptive responses. Mitochondria are able to respond to different external stimuli in a dynamic manner. In previous studies, mitochondria were shown to play an impo...
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| Format: | doctoral thesis |
| Publication Date: | 2016 |
| Country: | España |
| Institution: | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| Repository: | DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:digital.csic.es:10261/134382 |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/134382 |
| Access Level: | Open access |
| Keyword: | Mitocondria Levadura Adaptación Estrés Piruvato Mitofagia Valinomicina |
| Summary: | [EN] Eukaryotic cells adapt to environmental changes ("stress") through signal transduction pathways which coordinate complex adaptive responses. Mitochondria are able to respond to different external stimuli in a dynamic manner. In previous studies, mitochondria were shown to play an important role in adaptation to hyperosmotic stress and defects in many mitochondrial functions cause sensitivity to this stress. In the present work, we investigate novel mechanisms of mitochondrial adaptation in response to stress. First of all, the role of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier complex (MPC) in this adaptation was analyzed. This carrier is composed by three proteins in yeast: Mpc1, Mpc2 and Mpc3. MPC3 is upregulated upon salt stress and during a diauxic shift, which leads to an increase in Mpc3 protein abundance. HOG pathway, implicated in osmostress response, is needed for the efficient induction of MPC3 transcription. Our analysis suggests that amino acid biosynthesis, respiration rate and oxidative stress tolerance are regulated by changes in the Mpc protein composition of the mitochondria. In this way, Mpc2 is most abundant under fermentative non stress conditions and important for amino acid biosynthesis, while Mpc3 is the most abundant family member upon salt stress or when high respiration rates are required. In addition, Mpc3 stimulates respiration and enhances tolerance to oxidative stress. Therefore, our results identify that the regulated mitochondrial pyruvate uptake via different Mpc proteins might be an important determinant of respiration rate and stress resistance. Secondly, since pyruvate flux to mitochondria is modified according to environmental conditions, here we study also possible changes in electron transport chain complex subunits. We found that a switch to partially or completely respiratory energy sources causes selective degradation of respiratory complex I and III subunits. Moreover, this degradation was also observed when there was a specific organelle damage caused by valinomycin, to maintain cell homeostasis. Interestingly, the loss of Atg32 function only partially affected the respiratory complex specific degradation, while the Atg11 protein was absolutely required in this process. Fission and fusion machinery proteins (Fzo1 and Fis1) and some mitochondrial proteases (Yme1, Pim1 and Afg3) also have a role in the valinomycin-mediated mitophagy. This process might start by Atg11 accumulation in foci close to the mitochondria shortly after valinomycin treatment. In this work, we describe for the first time a specific mechanism of mitophagy mediated by damage in yeast, which opposes to the concept of a generalized degradation of the organelle. |
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