Mediterranean Diet Modulates Gene Expression of Cholesterol Efflux Receptors in High-Risk Cardiovascular Patients

In this study, we investigated gene expression related to cholesterol efflux receptors in individuals at high cardiovascular risk undergoing Mediterranean dietary interventions. Through transcriptomic analysis, we examined samples from two randomized controlled trials: PREDIMED and PREDIMED-Plus, wi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Hernando-Redondo, Javier, Hernáez, Álvaro, Sanllorente, Albert, Pintó, Xavier, Estruch, Ramón, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Corella, Dolores, Aros, Fernando, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Subirana, Isaac, Muñoz-Aguayo, Daniel, Malcampo, Mireia, Serra-Majem, Lluis, Romaguera, Dora, Lapetra, Jose, Ros, Emilio, Tinahones, Francisco, Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa Maria, Gómez-Gracia, Enrique, Fitó, Montserrat, Castañer-Niño, Olga
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
Repositorio:Docusalut
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/25514
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/25514
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Diet, Mediterranean
Nutrigenomics
Randomized Controlled Trial
Dieta Mediterránea
Nutrigenómica
Ensayo Clínico Controlado Aleatorio
Mediterranean diet
cardiovascular risk
nutrigenomic
omics
randomized controlled trial
transcriptomic
Descripción
Sumario:In this study, we investigated gene expression related to cholesterol efflux receptors in individuals at high cardiovascular risk undergoing Mediterranean dietary interventions. Through transcriptomic analysis, we examined samples from two randomized controlled trials: PREDIMED and PREDIMED-Plus, with 151 and 89 elderly adults, respectively. Blood cells were isolated at baseline and after a 12-month intervention. In the PREDIMED trial, participants followed different Mediterranean diets: one supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (traditional Mediterranean diet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil [MedDiet-EVOO]), another with nuts (MedDiet enriched with nuts MedDiet-Nuts [MedDiet-Nuts]), and a low-fat control diet. The PREDIMED-Plus trial compared an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (Er-MedDiet) with physical activity to an ad libitum Mediterranean diet. Over time, mild but significant upregulation of genes like ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1), retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA), retinoid X receptor beta (RXRB), and Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 3 (NR1H3) was observed in response to MedDiet-EVOO, MedDiet-Nuts, and Er-MedDiet. Notably, RXRA expression was higher in both MedDiet-EVOO and MedDiet-Nuts compared to the control diet. Differences in gene expression, particularly RXRA, ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1), NR1H3, and Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Delta (PPARD), were evident between MedDiet-Nuts and the control diet. In the PREDIMED-Plus trial, no significant differences in gene expression were found between dietary groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) showed overlapping gene expression profiles across different Mediterranean diet interventions. In conclusion, our study highlights the cardiovascular health benefits of long-term adherence to a Mediterranean diet, both normocaloric and hypocaloric, primarily reflected by mild upregulation of cholesterol efflux-related genes-specifically involving RXRA, RXRB, ABCA1, ABCG1, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group H Member 2(NR1H2), and PPARD-among elderly adults at high cardiovascular risk. This suggests a potential mechanism by which these diets may exert cardiovascular protective effects.

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