Sustainable strategies to obtain bioactive compounds from citrus peels by supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and natural deep eutectic solvents

This work proposes a sustainable sequential extraction of bioactive terpenoids and phenolic compounds from grapefruit, lime, and lemon peels using supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES). NaDES screening demonstrated...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Domínguez-Rodríguez, Gloria, Amador-Luna, Víctor M., Castro-Puyana, M., Ibáñez, Elena, Marina, María Luisa
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/390970
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/390970
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Bioactive compounds
Citrus peels
Cryogenic grinding
Natural deep eutectic solvents
Phenolic compounds
Supercritical fluid extraction
Terpenoids
Ultrasound-assisted extraction
Descrição
Resumo:This work proposes a sustainable sequential extraction of bioactive terpenoids and phenolic compounds from grapefruit, lime, and lemon peels using supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES). NaDES screening demonstrated that Choline Chloride:Tartaric acid (1:2) for grapefruit and lemon peels, and Choline Chloride:Glycerol (1:2) for lime peels with 50% water yielded the highest phenolic contents. Cryogenic grinding (CR) and SC-CO2 pretreatments before UAE-NaDES did not improve phenolic recovery compared to direct UAE-NaDES. Pretreatments reduced particle size and increased surface tension, lowering UAE-NaDES efficiency. The direct UAE-NaDES extracts showed the highest phenolic diversity, with naringin in grapefruit and hesperidin in lime and lemon peels as the major compounds identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS. However, SC-CO2 obtained before UAE-NaDES presented higher anticholinergic capacity and a rich terpenoid profile identified by GC-Q-MS. Results demonstrate the potential of this sequential strategy for a more holistic exploitation of citrus peels.