The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions

Willingness to intervene when one becomes aware of a case of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) reflects the level of tolerance and acceptance of this type of violence in society. Increasing the likelihood of intervention to help victims of IPVAW is also a target for prevention strategi...

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Autores: Gracia, Enrique, Martín-Fernández, Manuel, Marco, Miriam, Santirso, Faraj A., Vargas, Viviana, Lila, Marisol
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2018
País:España
Repositorio:RODERIC. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat de València
OAI Identifier:oai:roderic.uv.es:10550/95111
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10550/95111
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Intimate partner violence
Violence against women
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spelling The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versionsGracia, EnriqueMartín-Fernández, ManuelMarco, MiriamSantirso, Faraj A.Vargas, VivianaLila, MarisolIntimate partner violenceViolence against womenWillingness to intervene when one becomes aware of a case of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) reflects the level of tolerance and acceptance of this type of violence in society. Increasing the likelihood of intervention to help victims of IPVAW is also a target for prevention strategies aiming to increase informal social control of IPVAW. In this study, we present the development and validation of the Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence (WI-IPVAW) scale. We report data for both the long and short versions of the scale. We analyzed the latent structure, the reliability and validity of the WI-IPVAW across four samples (N = 1648). Factor analyses supported a bifactor model with a general non-specific factor expressing willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW, and three specific factors reflecting different intervention preferences: a preference for setting the law enforcement process in motion ('calling the cops' factor), a preference for personal intervention ('personal involvement' factor), and a preference for non-intervention ('not my business' factor). Configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance across genders were supported. Two short versions of the scale, with nine and six items, respectively, were constructed on the base of quantitative and qualitative criteria. The long and short versions of the WI-IPVAW demonstrated both high reliability and construct validity, as they were strongly related to the acceptability of IPVAW, victim-blaming attitudes, perceived severity of IPVAW, and hostile sexism. These results confirm that both the long and short versions of the WI-IPVAW scale are psychometrically sound instruments to analyze willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW in different settings and with different research needs (e.g., long versions for clinical and research settings, and short versions for large population surveys). The WI-IPVAW is also useful for assessing prevention policies and public education campaigns design to promote a more responsive social environment in cases of IPVAW, thus contributing to deter and reduce this major social and public health problem.Frontiers Media2024202420182024journal articleVoRinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/10550/95111Gracia E. Martín-Fernández M. Marco M. Santirso F. A. Vargas V. Lila M. 2018 The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions Frontiers In Psychologyreponame:RODERIC. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat de Valènciainstname:InglésFrontiers In Psychology, 2018open accessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:roderic.uv.es:10550/951112025-07-15T12:44:01Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions
title The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions
spellingShingle The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions
Gracia, Enrique
Intimate partner violence
Violence against women
title_short The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions
title_full The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions
title_fullStr The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions
title_full_unstemmed The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions
title_sort The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Gracia, Enrique
Martín-Fernández, Manuel
Marco, Miriam
Santirso, Faraj A.
Vargas, Viviana
Lila, Marisol
author Gracia, Enrique
author_facet Gracia, Enrique
Martín-Fernández, Manuel
Marco, Miriam
Santirso, Faraj A.
Vargas, Viviana
Lila, Marisol
author_role author
author2 Martín-Fernández, Manuel
Marco, Miriam
Santirso, Faraj A.
Vargas, Viviana
Lila, Marisol
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Intimate partner violence
Violence against women
topic Intimate partner violence
Violence against women
description Willingness to intervene when one becomes aware of a case of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) reflects the level of tolerance and acceptance of this type of violence in society. Increasing the likelihood of intervention to help victims of IPVAW is also a target for prevention strategies aiming to increase informal social control of IPVAW. In this study, we present the development and validation of the Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence (WI-IPVAW) scale. We report data for both the long and short versions of the scale. We analyzed the latent structure, the reliability and validity of the WI-IPVAW across four samples (N = 1648). Factor analyses supported a bifactor model with a general non-specific factor expressing willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW, and three specific factors reflecting different intervention preferences: a preference for setting the law enforcement process in motion ('calling the cops' factor), a preference for personal intervention ('personal involvement' factor), and a preference for non-intervention ('not my business' factor). Configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance across genders were supported. Two short versions of the scale, with nine and six items, respectively, were constructed on the base of quantitative and qualitative criteria. The long and short versions of the WI-IPVAW demonstrated both high reliability and construct validity, as they were strongly related to the acceptability of IPVAW, victim-blaming attitudes, perceived severity of IPVAW, and hostile sexism. These results confirm that both the long and short versions of the WI-IPVAW scale are psychometrically sound instruments to analyze willingness to intervene in cases of IPVAW in different settings and with different research needs (e.g., long versions for clinical and research settings, and short versions for large population surveys). The WI-IPVAW is also useful for assessing prevention policies and public education campaigns design to promote a more responsive social environment in cases of IPVAW, thus contributing to deter and reduce this major social and public health problem.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018
2024
2024
2024
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
VoR
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10550/95111
url https://hdl.handle.net/10550/95111
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers In Psychology, 2018
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Frontiers Media
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Gracia E. Martín-Fernández M. Marco M. Santirso F. A. Vargas V. Lila M. 2018 The Willingness to Intervene in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women (WI-IPVAW) Scale: Development and validation of the long and short versions Frontiers In Psychology
reponame:RODERIC. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat de València
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collection RODERIC. Repositorio Institucional de la Universitat de València
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