Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study

The comparative analysis of two ways to achieve ultra-fine bainitic steels considering isothermal heat treatment above and below martensite start (M) temperature was formulated. Although the presence of pre-martensite below the M temperature accelerates the nucleation time of the bainitic transforma...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Królicka, Aleksandra, Jiménez, José Antonio, García Caballero, Francisca
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/380109
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/380109
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Medium carbon bainite
Pre-martensite
Retained austenite
Tempered bainite
Secondary hardening
id ES_eb6906ccce44b9cb8177e59cd18593d8
oai_identifier_str oai:digital.csic.es:10261/380109
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability studyKrólicka, AleksandraJiménez, José AntonioGarcía Caballero, FranciscaMedium carbon bainitePre-martensiteRetained austeniteTempered bainiteSecondary hardeningThe comparative analysis of two ways to achieve ultra-fine bainitic steels considering isothermal heat treatment above and below martensite start (M) temperature was formulated. Although the presence of pre-martensite below the M temperature accelerates the nucleation time of the bainitic transformation, the time to finish the transformation is longer (∼11.5 h) compared to the treatment above M (∼5 h). A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the morphology of the bainitic structure demonstrated that there are no significant differences in the thickness of the bainitic ferrite laths in both cases. However, a clear refinement of the retained austenite blocks of the steel treated below M was observed. Moreover, TEM and STEM/EDS studies revealed precipitation processes associated with the decomposition of the metastable bainitic and bainitic-martensitic structures during the tempering. It was shown that both heat treatment routes lead to secondary hardening during the tempering at 550 °C. At lower tempering temperatures, the bainitic matrix obtained above M was characterized by higher thermal stability, while the presence of pre-martensite in the steel treated below M has greater effectiveness in the secondary hardening effect at higher tempering temperatures and therefore in thermal stability of bainite at the high-temperature tempering range. These results provide a new perspective for designing heat treatment processes for advanced bainitic steels in applications subjected to operation at elevated temperatures.This work was supported by the National Science Centre Poland (OPUS Project, No. 2023/51/B/ST8/01393, title: “INtermetallics STrengthening in nanocrystalline BAINitic steels considering the additive manufacturing method (INSTaBAIN)”). F.G. Caballero would like to thanks the European Commission for funding her investigations on bainite (RFCS-02–2022-RPJ Project: 101112398 — NanoWinTur).Elsevier BVNational Science Centre (Poland)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2025202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/380109reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC//RFCShttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113621Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3801092026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study
title Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study
spellingShingle Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study
Królicka, Aleksandra
Medium carbon bainite
Pre-martensite
Retained austenite
Tempered bainite
Secondary hardening
title_short Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study
title_full Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study
title_fullStr Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study
title_full_unstemmed Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study
title_sort Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Królicka, Aleksandra
Jiménez, José Antonio
García Caballero, Francisca
author Królicka, Aleksandra
author_facet Królicka, Aleksandra
Jiménez, José Antonio
García Caballero, Francisca
author_role author
author2 Jiménez, José Antonio
García Caballero, Francisca
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv National Science Centre (Poland)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Medium carbon bainite
Pre-martensite
Retained austenite
Tempered bainite
Secondary hardening
topic Medium carbon bainite
Pre-martensite
Retained austenite
Tempered bainite
Secondary hardening
description The comparative analysis of two ways to achieve ultra-fine bainitic steels considering isothermal heat treatment above and below martensite start (M) temperature was formulated. Although the presence of pre-martensite below the M temperature accelerates the nucleation time of the bainitic transformation, the time to finish the transformation is longer (∼11.5 h) compared to the treatment above M (∼5 h). A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the morphology of the bainitic structure demonstrated that there are no significant differences in the thickness of the bainitic ferrite laths in both cases. However, a clear refinement of the retained austenite blocks of the steel treated below M was observed. Moreover, TEM and STEM/EDS studies revealed precipitation processes associated with the decomposition of the metastable bainitic and bainitic-martensitic structures during the tempering. It was shown that both heat treatment routes lead to secondary hardening during the tempering at 550 °C. At lower tempering temperatures, the bainitic matrix obtained above M was characterized by higher thermal stability, while the presence of pre-martensite in the steel treated below M has greater effectiveness in the secondary hardening effect at higher tempering temperatures and therefore in thermal stability of bainite at the high-temperature tempering range. These results provide a new perspective for designing heat treatment processes for advanced bainitic steels in applications subjected to operation at elevated temperatures.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/380109
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/380109
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC//RFCS
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.113621
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869423225119703040
score 15,81155

Similares en LA Referencia