Pre-martensite and bainite reactions: A thermal stability study

The comparative analysis of two ways to achieve ultra-fine bainitic steels considering isothermal heat treatment above and below martensite start (M) temperature was formulated. Although the presence of pre-martensite below the M temperature accelerates the nucleation time of the bainitic transforma...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Królicka, Aleksandra, Jiménez, José Antonio, García Caballero, Francisca
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/380109
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/380109
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Medium carbon bainite
Pre-martensite
Retained austenite
Tempered bainite
Secondary hardening
Descripción
Sumario:The comparative analysis of two ways to achieve ultra-fine bainitic steels considering isothermal heat treatment above and below martensite start (M) temperature was formulated. Although the presence of pre-martensite below the M temperature accelerates the nucleation time of the bainitic transformation, the time to finish the transformation is longer (∼11.5 h) compared to the treatment above M (∼5 h). A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the morphology of the bainitic structure demonstrated that there are no significant differences in the thickness of the bainitic ferrite laths in both cases. However, a clear refinement of the retained austenite blocks of the steel treated below M was observed. Moreover, TEM and STEM/EDS studies revealed precipitation processes associated with the decomposition of the metastable bainitic and bainitic-martensitic structures during the tempering. It was shown that both heat treatment routes lead to secondary hardening during the tempering at 550 °C. At lower tempering temperatures, the bainitic matrix obtained above M was characterized by higher thermal stability, while the presence of pre-martensite in the steel treated below M has greater effectiveness in the secondary hardening effect at higher tempering temperatures and therefore in thermal stability of bainite at the high-temperature tempering range. These results provide a new perspective for designing heat treatment processes for advanced bainitic steels in applications subjected to operation at elevated temperatures.