EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
Purpose: The EAT-Lancet Commission introduced a Planetary Health Diet (PHD) in 2019 for individuals aged two years and older. Concerns exist regarding its ability to fulfill children’s specific micronutrient requirements. The PHDI-C, an adapted version of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), was...
| Autores: | , , , , , |
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| Tipo de recurso: | artículo |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2025 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears |
| Repositorio: | Docusalut |
| Idioma: | inglés |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/26481 |
| Acceso en línea: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/26481 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Child Nutrition Micronutrients Nutrients Diet Nutrición del Niño Micronutrientes Nutrientes Dieta EAT-Lancet diet Micronutrient adequacy PHDI-C Planetary health diet index SENDO Cohort |
| Sumario: | Purpose: The EAT-Lancet Commission introduced a Planetary Health Diet (PHD) in 2019 for individuals aged two years and older. Concerns exist regarding its ability to fulfill children’s specific micronutrient requirements. The PHDI-C, an adapted version of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), was developed to better reflect the nutritional needs of growing children. However, its association with micronutrient adequacy in pediatric populations has not been fully examined. Our study investigates whether the PHDI-C is associated with micronutrient adequacy in children and compares its performance to the original PHDI. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the association of the PHDI and PHDI-C with nutritional adequacy in 945 children aged 4–5 years from the SENDO cohort. Dietary, lifestyle, and socio-demographic data were collected via parent-administered questionnaires. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Scores for both indices were calculated and ranged from 0 to 150, and participants were categorized into tertiles. We calculated the intake of 20 micronutrients relevant to public health and micronutrient adequacy was assessed using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-off points. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the relationship between both indices and the risk of inadequate micronutrient intake. Results: Median scores were 63.0 and 62.3 for the PHDI and PHDI-C respectively. Higher PHDI and PHDI-C scores were associated with higher intakes of vitamins A, C, E, B1, B3, and B6, as well as folate, Fe, Mg, Se, Zn, Cr, and K, but lower intakes of vitamins B2, B12, and Ca, and I. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher PHDI-C scores were associated with fewer unmet EARs (p < 0.001). Children in the highest tertile of the PHDI-C had 55% lower odds (OR:0.45 95% CI: 0.22–0.94) of having ≥ 3 inadequate micronutrient intakes compared to the lowest tertile. For the original PHDI, children in the highest tertile had 30% lower odds (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.32–1.54). Conclusion: The PHDI-C is linked to better nutritional adequacy than the original PHDI. Further research is needed to validate the PHDI-C in terms of environmental sustainability. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-025-03858-9. |
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