EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)

Purpose: The EAT-Lancet Commission introduced a Planetary Health Diet (PHD) in 2019 for individuals aged two years and older. Concerns exist regarding its ability to fulfill children’s specific micronutrient requirements. The PHDI-C, an adapted version of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), was...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Fabios, Elise, Zazpe, Itziar, Santiago, Susana, García, Silvia, Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Martín-Calvo, Nerea
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
Repositorio:Docusalut
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/26481
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/26481
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Child Nutrition
Micronutrients
Nutrients
Diet
Nutrición del Niño
Micronutrientes
Nutrientes
Dieta
EAT-Lancet diet
Micronutrient adequacy
PHDI-C
Planetary health diet index
SENDO Cohort
id ES_eb0056b1e7b3594a5b68d96da063003f
oai_identifier_str oai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/26481
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
spelling EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)Fabios, EliseZazpe, ItziarSantiago, SusanaGarcía, SilviaMartínez-González, Miguel ÁngelMartín-Calvo, NereaChild NutritionMicronutrientsNutrientsDietNutrición del NiñoMicronutrientesNutrientesDietaEAT-Lancet dietMicronutrient adequacyPHDI-CPlanetary health diet indexSENDO CohortPurpose: The EAT-Lancet Commission introduced a Planetary Health Diet (PHD) in 2019 for individuals aged two years and older. Concerns exist regarding its ability to fulfill children’s specific micronutrient requirements. The PHDI-C, an adapted version of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), was developed to better reflect the nutritional needs of growing children. However, its association with micronutrient adequacy in pediatric populations has not been fully examined. Our study investigates whether the PHDI-C is associated with micronutrient adequacy in children and compares its performance to the original PHDI. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the association of the PHDI and PHDI-C with nutritional adequacy in 945 children aged 4–5 years from the SENDO cohort. Dietary, lifestyle, and socio-demographic data were collected via parent-administered questionnaires. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Scores for both indices were calculated and ranged from 0 to 150, and participants were categorized into tertiles. We calculated the intake of 20 micronutrients relevant to public health and micronutrient adequacy was assessed using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-off points. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the relationship between both indices and the risk of inadequate micronutrient intake. Results: Median scores were 63.0 and 62.3 for the PHDI and PHDI-C respectively. Higher PHDI and PHDI-C scores were associated with higher intakes of vitamins A, C, E, B1, B3, and B6, as well as folate, Fe, Mg, Se, Zn, Cr, and K, but lower intakes of vitamins B2, B12, and Ca, and I. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher PHDI-C scores were associated with fewer unmet EARs (p < 0.001). Children in the highest tertile of the PHDI-C had 55% lower odds (OR:0.45 95% CI: 0.22–0.94) of having ≥ 3 inadequate micronutrient intakes compared to the lowest tertile. For the original PHDI, children in the highest tertile had 30% lower odds (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.32–1.54). Conclusion: The PHDI-C is linked to better nutritional adequacy than the original PHDI. Further research is needed to validate the PHDI-C in terms of environmental sustainability. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-025-03858-9.Springer Science and Business Media LLC20252025-12-1920252025-12-19research articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/26481reponame:Docusalutinstname:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes BalearsInglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/264812026-06-22T12:44:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
title EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
spellingShingle EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
Fabios, Elise
Child Nutrition
Micronutrients
Nutrients
Diet
Nutrición del Niño
Micronutrientes
Nutrientes
Dieta
EAT-Lancet diet
Micronutrient adequacy
PHDI-C
Planetary health diet index
SENDO Cohort
title_short EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
title_full EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
title_fullStr EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
title_full_unstemmed EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
title_sort EAT-Lancet reference diet and nutritional adequacy in children: examining the planetary health diet index for children (PHDI-C)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Fabios, Elise
Zazpe, Itziar
Santiago, Susana
García, Silvia
Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel
Martín-Calvo, Nerea
author Fabios, Elise
author_facet Fabios, Elise
Zazpe, Itziar
Santiago, Susana
García, Silvia
Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel
Martín-Calvo, Nerea
author_role author
author2 Zazpe, Itziar
Santiago, Susana
García, Silvia
Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel
Martín-Calvo, Nerea
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Child Nutrition
Micronutrients
Nutrients
Diet
Nutrición del Niño
Micronutrientes
Nutrientes
Dieta
EAT-Lancet diet
Micronutrient adequacy
PHDI-C
Planetary health diet index
SENDO Cohort
topic Child Nutrition
Micronutrients
Nutrients
Diet
Nutrición del Niño
Micronutrientes
Nutrientes
Dieta
EAT-Lancet diet
Micronutrient adequacy
PHDI-C
Planetary health diet index
SENDO Cohort
description Purpose: The EAT-Lancet Commission introduced a Planetary Health Diet (PHD) in 2019 for individuals aged two years and older. Concerns exist regarding its ability to fulfill children’s specific micronutrient requirements. The PHDI-C, an adapted version of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), was developed to better reflect the nutritional needs of growing children. However, its association with micronutrient adequacy in pediatric populations has not been fully examined. Our study investigates whether the PHDI-C is associated with micronutrient adequacy in children and compares its performance to the original PHDI. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the association of the PHDI and PHDI-C with nutritional adequacy in 945 children aged 4–5 years from the SENDO cohort. Dietary, lifestyle, and socio-demographic data were collected via parent-administered questionnaires. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Scores for both indices were calculated and ranged from 0 to 150, and participants were categorized into tertiles. We calculated the intake of 20 micronutrients relevant to public health and micronutrient adequacy was assessed using the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-off points. Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the relationship between both indices and the risk of inadequate micronutrient intake. Results: Median scores were 63.0 and 62.3 for the PHDI and PHDI-C respectively. Higher PHDI and PHDI-C scores were associated with higher intakes of vitamins A, C, E, B1, B3, and B6, as well as folate, Fe, Mg, Se, Zn, Cr, and K, but lower intakes of vitamins B2, B12, and Ca, and I. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher PHDI-C scores were associated with fewer unmet EARs (p < 0.001). Children in the highest tertile of the PHDI-C had 55% lower odds (OR:0.45 95% CI: 0.22–0.94) of having ≥ 3 inadequate micronutrient intakes compared to the lowest tertile. For the original PHDI, children in the highest tertile had 30% lower odds (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.32–1.54). Conclusion: The PHDI-C is linked to better nutritional adequacy than the original PHDI. Further research is needed to validate the PHDI-C in terms of environmental sustainability. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-025-03858-9.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-12-19
2025
2025-12-19
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv research article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/26481
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/26481
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Science and Business Media LLC
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Docusalut
instname:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
instname_str Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
reponame_str Docusalut
collection Docusalut
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
_version_ 1869423188586266624
score 15,811543

Similares en LA Referencia