Circular economy-based alternatives beyond second-life applications: maximizing the electric vehicle battery first life

Electric vehicle battery second-life applications are gaining attention as a way to minimize the environmental impact and increase economic profits. However, the demand for stationary energy storage is expected to be saturated in the near future with these second-life batteries. This fact, in additi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Etxandi Santolaya, Maite|||0000-0001-6030-6990, Canals Casals, Lluc|||0000-0002-4791-9917, Amante García, Beatriz|||0000-0001-5231-1706, Corchero García, Cristina|||0000-0002-8465-0830
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)
Repositorio:UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/384830
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/2117/384830
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj14030066
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Vehicles elèctrics--Bateries
Durabilitat (Enginyeria)
Lithium ion batterie
Battery ageing
Electric vehicles
Second-life application
V2G (Vehicle to Grid)
Economia circular
Bateries d'ió liti
Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Energies::Tecnologia energètica
Descripción
Sumario:Electric vehicle battery second-life applications are gaining attention as a way to minimize the environmental impact and increase economic profits. However, the demand for stationary energy storage is expected to be saturated in the near future with these second-life batteries. This fact, in addition to the several technical and economic challenges of second-life batteries, promotes exploring other alternatives. This work analyses and compares these possible approaches in terms of battery degradation and economic profit. The results show that for large batteries, intensive Vehicle to Grid does not cause an early retirement of the battery and allows reducing the underuse of the battery. In addition, for the same battery size, Vehicle to Grid provides more economic profit than second-life applications. Nevertheless, only in a few cases does this appear to be more profitable than simply utilizing the battery for driving. Importantly, this study has shown how the assessment of the second-life tends to be too optimistic as a consequence of assuming a fixed End of Life threshold for the batteries.