| Sumario: | Background: To assess the prenatal, early postnatal and adolescent factors associated with overweight/obesity (OwO) and other cardiometabolic risk factors at age 15. Methods: Longitudinal study based on 241 participants from the INMA-Valencia cohort. Z-scores of body mass index (zBMI), waist circumference (zWC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), systolic and diastolic BP (zSBP and zDBP) were evaluated at ages 4, 7, 9, 11 and 15. A cardiometabolic risk score was calculated. Covariates were collected at pregnancy, birth, and age 15. Results: At age 4, 30.7% presented overweight/obesity (zBMI > 1 SD), increasing to 46.1% at age 9, and decreasing to 29.3% at age 15 (29.3%). The proportion of high/excess central adiposity was lower than overweight/obesity at all ages. Adjusted models showed that pre-pregnancy obesity was positively associated with all cardiometabolic outcomes, except zSBP (i.e. beta [95% CI]: 0.77 [0.25, 1.29] for zBMI, and 2.31 [0.94, 3.69] for CMR score). Smoking during pregnancy was directly related to zSBP and zBMI. Adolescent physical activity was inversely associated with WHtR, zFM, zWC, zDBP and cardiometabolic risk scores (beta -0.65 [95% CI -0.95, -0.36]). Cereal intake and processed meat consumption were positively related to WHtR, zBMI and zWC. Conclusion: Early modifiable factors impact adolescent cardiometabolic health. This information could improve preventive interventions and policies from very early.
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