Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) that causes the chronic infectious disease- tuberculosis (TB), often presents with a complicated epidemiological pattern where the transmission chain may include humans, domestic animals and wildlife, including elephants. TB has been reported glob...

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Autores: Rajbhandari, Rajesh Man, Fuente García, José de Jesús de la, Karmacharya, Dibesh, Mathema, Sujala, Maharjan, Bijay, Dixit, Sameer Mani, Shrestha, Nisha, Queiros, Joao, Gortázar Schmidt, Ramón Christian, Alves, Paulo C.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/30522
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10578/30522
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Elephas maximus
Loxodonta Africana
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Prevention
Transmission
Zoonosis
Prevención
Transmisión
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review
title Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review
spellingShingle Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review
Rajbhandari, Rajesh Man
Elephas maximus
Loxodonta Africana
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Prevention
Transmission
Zoonosis
Prevención
Transmisión
title_short Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review
title_full Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review
title_fullStr Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review
title_sort Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic review
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Rajbhandari, Rajesh Man
Fuente García, José de Jesús de la
Karmacharya, Dibesh
Mathema, Sujala
Maharjan, Bijay
Dixit, Sameer Mani
Shrestha, Nisha
Queiros, Joao
Gortázar Schmidt, Ramón Christian
Alves, Paulo C.
author Rajbhandari, Rajesh Man
author_facet Rajbhandari, Rajesh Man
Fuente García, José de Jesús de la
Karmacharya, Dibesh
Mathema, Sujala
Maharjan, Bijay
Dixit, Sameer Mani
Shrestha, Nisha
Queiros, Joao
Gortázar Schmidt, Ramón Christian
Alves, Paulo C.
author_role author
author2 Fuente García, José de Jesús de la
Karmacharya, Dibesh
Mathema, Sujala
Maharjan, Bijay
Dixit, Sameer Mani
Shrestha, Nisha
Queiros, Joao
Gortázar Schmidt, Ramón Christian
Alves, Paulo C.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Elephas maximus
Loxodonta Africana
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Prevention
Transmission
Zoonosis
Prevención
Transmisión
topic Elephas maximus
Loxodonta Africana
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Prevention
Transmission
Zoonosis
Prevención
Transmisión
description Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) that causes the chronic infectious disease- tuberculosis (TB), often presents with a complicated epidemiological pattern where the transmission chain may include humans, domestic animals and wildlife, including elephants. TB has been reported globally in both captive and wild elephants. The One Health approach might be the most effective way of understanding the shared MTC infection dynamics in captive and wild animals like Asian elephants. This systematic review accumulates evidence on occurrence, transmission pathways, and preventive measures of TB in elephants from a One Health perspective. Results: The prevalence of TB reported in elephant populations ranges from 0 to 23.33% and high prevalence's are reported for elephants that are in close proximity to infected humans. The risk of elephant to human infection transmission increased significantly with exposure duration and contact with infected elephants. Some studies described the plausible TB transmission to captive elephants from other animals (wild and domestic), suggesting inter- and intra-species transmission. The results of this systematic review based on 27 relevant published works, suggest three overarching interrelated transmission pathways for M. tuberculosis infections in Asian elephants- i) humans and elephants, ii) other animals (wild or domestic) and elephants and iii) unclear sources of infection. Conclusions: The progress made with new TB diagnostic tools provides multiple methods to choose from. However, lack of harmonization of TB testing in elephants and their human contacts remains a challenge to prevent TB in those animals. Routine TB screening among elephants and caretakers by setting up an occupational health program for early diagnosis of infection through combined efforts of public health, veterinary medicine, and occupational health experts is suggested. This implies the need for a One Health approach to elephant TB control. This review reveals the need for more research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex transmission pathways at the human-animal interface.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2022
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10578/30522
url http://hdl.handle.net/10578/30522
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
publisher.none.fl_str_mv BMC
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
instname:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
instname_str Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
reponame_str RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
collection RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
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spelling Understanding Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in elephants through a One Health approach: a systematic reviewRajbhandari, Rajesh ManFuente García, José de Jesús de laKarmacharya, DibeshMathema, SujalaMaharjan, BijayDixit, Sameer ManiShrestha, NishaQueiros, JoaoGortázar Schmidt, Ramón ChristianAlves, Paulo C.Elephas maximusLoxodonta AfricanaMycobacterium tuberculosisPreventionTransmissionZoonosisPrevenciónTransmisiónBackground: Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) that causes the chronic infectious disease- tuberculosis (TB), often presents with a complicated epidemiological pattern where the transmission chain may include humans, domestic animals and wildlife, including elephants. TB has been reported globally in both captive and wild elephants. The One Health approach might be the most effective way of understanding the shared MTC infection dynamics in captive and wild animals like Asian elephants. This systematic review accumulates evidence on occurrence, transmission pathways, and preventive measures of TB in elephants from a One Health perspective. Results: The prevalence of TB reported in elephant populations ranges from 0 to 23.33% and high prevalence's are reported for elephants that are in close proximity to infected humans. The risk of elephant to human infection transmission increased significantly with exposure duration and contact with infected elephants. Some studies described the plausible TB transmission to captive elephants from other animals (wild and domestic), suggesting inter- and intra-species transmission. The results of this systematic review based on 27 relevant published works, suggest three overarching interrelated transmission pathways for M. tuberculosis infections in Asian elephants- i) humans and elephants, ii) other animals (wild or domestic) and elephants and iii) unclear sources of infection. Conclusions: The progress made with new TB diagnostic tools provides multiple methods to choose from. However, lack of harmonization of TB testing in elephants and their human contacts remains a challenge to prevent TB in those animals. Routine TB screening among elephants and caretakers by setting up an occupational health program for early diagnosis of infection through combined efforts of public health, veterinary medicine, and occupational health experts is suggested. This implies the need for a One Health approach to elephant TB control. This review reveals the need for more research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex transmission pathways at the human-animal interface.Antecedentes: el complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTC) que causa la enfermedad infecciosa crónica, la tuberculosis (TB), a menudo se presenta con un patrón epidemiológico complicado donde la cadena de transmisión puede incluir humanos, animales domésticos y vida silvestre, incluidos los elefantes. La TB ha sido reportada a nivel mundial tanto en elefantes cautivos como salvajes. El enfoque One Health podría ser la forma más efectiva de comprender la dinámica de infección compartida de MTC en animales cautivos y salvajes como los elefantes asiáticos. Esta revisión sistemática acumula evidencia sobre la ocurrencia, las vías de transmisión y las medidas preventivas de la TB en elefantes desde la perspectiva de One Health. Resultados: La prevalencia de TB notificada en poblaciones de elefantes oscila entre 0 y 23,33 % y se informan prevalencias altas en elefantes que se encuentran muy cerca de humanos infectados. El riesgo de transmisión de la infección de elefante a humano aumentó significativamente con la duración de la exposición y el contacto con elefantes infectados. Algunos estudios describieron la transmisión plausible de TB a elefantes cautivos de otros animales (salvajes y domésticos), lo que sugiere una transmisión entre especies e intraespecies. Los resultados de esta revisión sistemática basada en 27 trabajos publicados relevantes sugieren tres vías de transmisión interrelacionadas generales para las infecciones por M. tuberculosis en elefantes asiáticos: i) humanos y elefantes, ii) otros animales (salvajes o domésticos) y elefantes y iii) fuentes poco claras de infección Conclusiones: El progreso realizado con las nuevas herramientas de diagnóstico de TB ofrece múltiples métodos para elegir. Sin embargo, la falta de armonización de las pruebas de TB en elefantes y sus contactos humanos sigue siendo un desafío para prevenir la TB en esos animales. Se sugiere la detección rutinaria de TB entre elefantes y cuidadores mediante el establecimiento de un programa de salud ocupacional para el diagnóstico temprano de la infección a través de esfuerzos combinados de expertos en salud pública, medicina veterinaria y salud ocupacional. Esto implica la necesidad de un enfoque de One Health para el control de la tuberculosis en elefantes. Esta revisión revela la necesidad de más investigación sobre las vías de transmisión complejas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis en la interfaz humano-animal.BMC202220222022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10578/30522reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLMinstname:Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaInglésinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/305222026-05-27T07:36:41Z
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