Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports

Clinical documentation, particularly the hospital discharge report (HDR), is essential for ensuring continuity of care, yet its preparation is time-consuming and places a considerable clinical and administrative burden on healthcare professionals. Recent advancements in Generative Artificial Intelli...

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Autores: Trejo Omeñaca, Alex, Llargués Rocabruna, Esteve, Sloan, Jonny, CattaPreta, Michelle, Ferrer i Picó, Jan, Alfaro Álvarez, Julio Cesar, Alonso, Toni, Lloveras Gil, Eloy, Serrano Vinaixa, Xavier, Velasquez Villegas, Daniel, Romeu, Ramon, Rubies Feijoo, Carles, Monguet, Josep Mª, Bayes Genis, Beatriu
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:20.500.12328/5137
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12328/5137
https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060210
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Hospital discharge report
Discharge summary
Generative AI
Large lenguage models (LLMs)
Prompt engineering
Informe de alta hospitalaria
Resumen de alta
IA generativa
Modelo lingüístico de gran tamaño (LLM)
Ingeniería de prompts
Informe d'alta hospitalària
Resum d'alta
Model de llenguatge extens (LLM)
Enginyeria de prompts
628
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oai_identifier_str oai:recercat.cat:20.500.12328/5137
network_acronym_str ES
network_name_str España
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports
title Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports
spellingShingle Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports
Trejo Omeñaca, Alex
Hospital discharge report
Discharge summary
Generative AI
Large lenguage models (LLMs)
Prompt engineering
Informe de alta hospitalaria
Resumen de alta
IA generativa
Modelo lingüístico de gran tamaño (LLM)
Ingeniería de prompts
Informe d'alta hospitalària
Resum d'alta
Model de llenguatge extens (LLM)
Enginyeria de prompts
628
title_short Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports
title_full Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports
title_fullStr Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports
title_full_unstemmed Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports
title_sort Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge Reports
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Trejo Omeñaca, Alex
Llargués Rocabruna, Esteve
Sloan, Jonny
CattaPreta, Michelle
Ferrer i Picó, Jan
Alfaro Álvarez, Julio Cesar
Alonso, Toni
Lloveras Gil, Eloy
Serrano Vinaixa, Xavier
Velasquez Villegas, Daniel
Romeu, Ramon
Rubies Feijoo, Carles
Monguet, Josep Mª
Bayes Genis, Beatriu
author Trejo Omeñaca, Alex
author_facet Trejo Omeñaca, Alex
Llargués Rocabruna, Esteve
Sloan, Jonny
CattaPreta, Michelle
Ferrer i Picó, Jan
Alfaro Álvarez, Julio Cesar
Alonso, Toni
Lloveras Gil, Eloy
Serrano Vinaixa, Xavier
Velasquez Villegas, Daniel
Romeu, Ramon
Rubies Feijoo, Carles
Monguet, Josep Mª
Bayes Genis, Beatriu
author_role author
author2 Llargués Rocabruna, Esteve
Sloan, Jonny
CattaPreta, Michelle
Ferrer i Picó, Jan
Alfaro Álvarez, Julio Cesar
Alonso, Toni
Lloveras Gil, Eloy
Serrano Vinaixa, Xavier
Velasquez Villegas, Daniel
Romeu, Ramon
Rubies Feijoo, Carles
Monguet, Josep Mª
Bayes Genis, Beatriu
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Hospital discharge report
Discharge summary
Generative AI
Large lenguage models (LLMs)
Prompt engineering
Informe de alta hospitalaria
Resumen de alta
IA generativa
Modelo lingüístico de gran tamaño (LLM)
Ingeniería de prompts
Informe d'alta hospitalària
Resum d'alta
Model de llenguatge extens (LLM)
Enginyeria de prompts
628
topic Hospital discharge report
Discharge summary
Generative AI
Large lenguage models (LLMs)
Prompt engineering
Informe de alta hospitalaria
Resumen de alta
IA generativa
Modelo lingüístico de gran tamaño (LLM)
Ingeniería de prompts
Informe d'alta hospitalària
Resum d'alta
Model de llenguatge extens (LLM)
Enginyeria de prompts
628
description Clinical documentation, particularly the hospital discharge report (HDR), is essential for ensuring continuity of care, yet its preparation is time-consuming and places a considerable clinical and administrative burden on healthcare professionals. Recent advancements in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and the use of prompt engineering in large language models (LLMs) offer opportunities to automate parts of this process, improving efficiency and documentation quality while reducing administrative workload. This study aims to design a digital system based on LLMs capable of automatically generating HDRs using information from clinical course notes and emergency care reports. The system was developed through iterative cycles, integrating various instruction flows and evaluating five different LLMs combined with prompt engineering strategies and agent-based architectures. Throughout the development, more than 60 discharge reports were generated and assessed, leading to continuous system refinement. In the production phase, 40 pneumology discharge reports were produced, receiving positive feedback from physicians, with an average score of 2.9 out of 4, indicating the system’s usefulness, with only minor edits needed in most cases. The ongoing expansion of the system to additional services and its integration within a hospital electronic system highlights the potential of LLMs, when combined with effective prompt engineering and agent-based architectures, to generate high-quality medical content and provide meaningful support to healthcare professionals. Hospital discharge reports (HDRs) are pivotal for continuity of care but consume substantial clinician time. Generative AI systems based on large language models (LLMs) could streamline this process, provided they deliver accurate, multilingual, and workflow-compatible outputs. We pursued a three-stage, design-science approach. Proofof-concept: five state-of-the-art LLMs were benchmarked with multi-agent prompting to produce sample HDRs and define the optimal agent structure. Prototype: 60 HDRs spanning six specialties were generated and compared with clinician originals using ROUGE with average scores compatible with specialized news summarizing models in Spanish and Catalan (lower scores). A qualitative audit of 27 HDR pairs showed recurrent divergences in medication dose (56%) and social context (52%). Pilot deployment: The AI-HDR service was embedded in the hospital’s electronic health record. In the pilot, 47 HDRs were autogenerated in real-world settings and reviewed by attending physicians. Missing information and factual errors were flagged in 53% and 47% of drafts, respectively, while written assessments diminished the importance of these errors. An LLM-driven, agent-orchestrated pipeline can safely draft real-world HDRs, cutting administrative overhead while achieving clinician-acceptable quality, not without errors that require human supervision. Future work should refine specialty-specific prompts to curb omissions, add temporal consistency checks to prevent outdated data propagation, and validate time savings and clinical impact in multi-center trials.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12328/5137
https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060210
url http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12328/5137
https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060210
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Computers
14;6
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv 19
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
instname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
instname_str Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
reponame_str Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
collection Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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spelling Leave as Fast as You Can: Using Generative AI to Automate and Accelerate Hospital Discharge ReportsTrejo Omeñaca, AlexLlargués Rocabruna, EsteveSloan, JonnyCattaPreta, MichelleFerrer i Picó, JanAlfaro Álvarez, Julio CesarAlonso, ToniLloveras Gil, EloySerrano Vinaixa, XavierVelasquez Villegas, DanielRomeu, RamonRubies Feijoo, CarlesMonguet, Josep MªBayes Genis, BeatriuHospital discharge reportDischarge summaryGenerative AILarge lenguage models (LLMs)Prompt engineeringInforme de alta hospitalariaResumen de altaIA generativaModelo lingüístico de gran tamaño (LLM)Ingeniería de promptsInforme d'alta hospitalàriaResum d'altaModel de llenguatge extens (LLM)Enginyeria de prompts628Clinical documentation, particularly the hospital discharge report (HDR), is essential for ensuring continuity of care, yet its preparation is time-consuming and places a considerable clinical and administrative burden on healthcare professionals. Recent advancements in Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and the use of prompt engineering in large language models (LLMs) offer opportunities to automate parts of this process, improving efficiency and documentation quality while reducing administrative workload. This study aims to design a digital system based on LLMs capable of automatically generating HDRs using information from clinical course notes and emergency care reports. The system was developed through iterative cycles, integrating various instruction flows and evaluating five different LLMs combined with prompt engineering strategies and agent-based architectures. Throughout the development, more than 60 discharge reports were generated and assessed, leading to continuous system refinement. In the production phase, 40 pneumology discharge reports were produced, receiving positive feedback from physicians, with an average score of 2.9 out of 4, indicating the system’s usefulness, with only minor edits needed in most cases. The ongoing expansion of the system to additional services and its integration within a hospital electronic system highlights the potential of LLMs, when combined with effective prompt engineering and agent-based architectures, to generate high-quality medical content and provide meaningful support to healthcare professionals. Hospital discharge reports (HDRs) are pivotal for continuity of care but consume substantial clinician time. Generative AI systems based on large language models (LLMs) could streamline this process, provided they deliver accurate, multilingual, and workflow-compatible outputs. We pursued a three-stage, design-science approach. Proofof-concept: five state-of-the-art LLMs were benchmarked with multi-agent prompting to produce sample HDRs and define the optimal agent structure. Prototype: 60 HDRs spanning six specialties were generated and compared with clinician originals using ROUGE with average scores compatible with specialized news summarizing models in Spanish and Catalan (lower scores). A qualitative audit of 27 HDR pairs showed recurrent divergences in medication dose (56%) and social context (52%). Pilot deployment: The AI-HDR service was embedded in the hospital’s electronic health record. In the pilot, 47 HDRs were autogenerated in real-world settings and reviewed by attending physicians. Missing information and factual errors were flagged in 53% and 47% of drafts, respectively, while written assessments diminished the importance of these errors. An LLM-driven, agent-orchestrated pipeline can safely draft real-world HDRs, cutting administrative overhead while achieving clinician-acceptable quality, not without errors that require human supervision. Future work should refine specialty-specific prompts to curb omissions, add temporal consistency checks to prevent outdated data propagation, and validate time savings and clinical impact in multi-center trials.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionMDPI2025info:eu-repo/semantics/article19http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12328/5137https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060210reponame:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunyainstname:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)InglésComputers14;6© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/)https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:recercat.cat:20.500.12328/51372026-05-29T05:05:01Z
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