More limit cycles for complex differential equations with three monomials

In this paper we improve, by almost doubling, the existing lower bound for the number of limit cycles of the family of complex differential equations with three monomials, z˙=Azz¯+Bzz¯+Czz¯, being k,l,m,n,p,q non-negative integers and A,B,C∈C. More concretely, if N=max⁡(k+l,m+n,p+q) and H(N)∈N∪{∞} d...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Álvarez Torres, María Jesús|||0000-0002-8046-8775, Coll, Bartomeu|||0000-0002-1309-2544, Gasull, Armengol|||0000-0002-1719-8231, Prohens, Rafel|||0000-0003-1184-6311
Format: article
Publication Date:2025
Country:España
Institution:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repository:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Language:English
OAI Identifier:oai:ddd.uab.cat:307741
Online Access:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/307741
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1016/j.jde.2024.10.013
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Polynomial differential equation
Number of limit cycles
Centre-focus problem
Lyapunov quantities
Description
Summary:In this paper we improve, by almost doubling, the existing lower bound for the number of limit cycles of the family of complex differential equations with three monomials, z˙=Azz¯+Bzz¯+Czz¯, being k,l,m,n,p,q non-negative integers and A,B,C∈C. More concretely, if N=max⁡(k+l,m+n,p+q) and H(N)∈N∪{∞} denotes the maximum number of limit cycles of the above equations, we show that for N≥4, H(N)≥N-3 and that for some values of N this new lower bound is N+1. We also present examples with many limit cycles and different configurations. Finally, we show that H(2)≥2 and study in detail the quadratic case with three monomials proving in some of them non-existence, uniqueness or existence of exactly two limit cycles.