Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing

Aim: Current pricing of commercial mechanical ventilators in low-/middle-income countries (LMICs) markedly restricts their availability, and consequently a considerable number of patients with acute/chronic respiratory failure cannot be adequately treated. Our aim was to design and test an affordabl...

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Autores: Garmendia, Onintza, Rodríguez Lazaro, Miguel A., Otero Díaz, Jorge, Phan, Phuong, Stoyanova, Alexandrina Petrova, Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan, Gozal, David, Navajas Navarro, Daniel, Montserrat, Josep M., Farré Ventura, Ramon
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
OAI Identifier:oai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/173053
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/2445/173053
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Respiradors
Insuficiència respiratòria
Respirators
Respiratory insufficiency
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spelling Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testingGarmendia, OnintzaRodríguez Lazaro, Miguel A.Otero Díaz, JorgePhan, PhuongStoyanova, Alexandrina PetrovaDinh-Xuan, Anh TuanGozal, DavidNavajas Navarro, DanielMontserrat, Josep M.Farré Ventura, RamonRespiradorsInsuficiència respiratòriaRespiratorsRespiratory insufficiencyAim: Current pricing of commercial mechanical ventilators in low-/middle-income countries (LMICs) markedly restricts their availability, and consequently a considerable number of patients with acute/chronic respiratory failure cannot be adequately treated. Our aim was to design and test an affordable and easy-to- build noninvasive bilevel pressure ventilator to allow a reduction in the serious shortage of ventilators in LMICs. Methods: The ventilator was built using off-the-shelf materials available via e-commerce and was based on a high-pressure blower, two pressure transducers and an Arduino Nano controller with a digital display (total retail cost <75 USD), with construction details provided open source for free replication. The ventilator was evaluated, and compared with a commercially available device (Lumis 150 ventilator; Resmed, San Diego, CA, USA): 1) in the bench setting using an actively breathing patient simulator mimicking a range of obstructive/restrictive diseases; and b) in 12 healthy volunteers wearing high airway resistance and thoracic/abdominal bands to mimic obstructive/restrictive patients. Results: The designed ventilator provided inspiratory/expiratory pressures up to 20/10cmH2O, respectively, with no faulty triggering or cycling; both in the bench test and in volunteers. The breathing difficulty score rated (1-10 scale) by the loaded breathing subjects was significantly (p<0.005) decreased from 5.45±1.68 without support to 2.83±1.66 when using the prototype ventilator, which showed no difference with the commercial device (2.80±1.48; p=1.000). Conclusion: The low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive ventilator performs similarly to a high-quality commercial device, with its open-source hardware description, which will allow for free replication and use in LMICs, facilitating application of this life-saving therapy to patients who otherwise could not be treated.European Respiratory Society2020info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/173053Articles publicats en revistes (Economia)reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UBinstname:InglésReproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00846-2020European Respiratory Journal, 2020, vol. 55, num. 6, p. 2000846https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00846-2020cc by-nc (c) European Respiratory Society, 2020http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/es/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:diposit.ub.edu:2445/1730532025-07-25T16:43:42Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing
title Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing
spellingShingle Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing
Garmendia, Onintza
Respiradors
Insuficiència respiratòria
Respirators
Respiratory insufficiency
title_short Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing
title_full Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing
title_fullStr Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing
title_full_unstemmed Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing
title_sort Low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive pressure support ventilator for under-resourced regions: open source hardware description, performance and feasibility testing
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Garmendia, Onintza
Rodríguez Lazaro, Miguel A.
Otero Díaz, Jorge
Phan, Phuong
Stoyanova, Alexandrina Petrova
Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan
Gozal, David
Navajas Navarro, Daniel
Montserrat, Josep M.
Farré Ventura, Ramon
author Garmendia, Onintza
author_facet Garmendia, Onintza
Rodríguez Lazaro, Miguel A.
Otero Díaz, Jorge
Phan, Phuong
Stoyanova, Alexandrina Petrova
Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan
Gozal, David
Navajas Navarro, Daniel
Montserrat, Josep M.
Farré Ventura, Ramon
author_role author
author2 Rodríguez Lazaro, Miguel A.
Otero Díaz, Jorge
Phan, Phuong
Stoyanova, Alexandrina Petrova
Dinh-Xuan, Anh Tuan
Gozal, David
Navajas Navarro, Daniel
Montserrat, Josep M.
Farré Ventura, Ramon
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Respiradors
Insuficiència respiratòria
Respirators
Respiratory insufficiency
topic Respiradors
Insuficiència respiratòria
Respirators
Respiratory insufficiency
description Aim: Current pricing of commercial mechanical ventilators in low-/middle-income countries (LMICs) markedly restricts their availability, and consequently a considerable number of patients with acute/chronic respiratory failure cannot be adequately treated. Our aim was to design and test an affordable and easy-to- build noninvasive bilevel pressure ventilator to allow a reduction in the serious shortage of ventilators in LMICs. Methods: The ventilator was built using off-the-shelf materials available via e-commerce and was based on a high-pressure blower, two pressure transducers and an Arduino Nano controller with a digital display (total retail cost <75 USD), with construction details provided open source for free replication. The ventilator was evaluated, and compared with a commercially available device (Lumis 150 ventilator; Resmed, San Diego, CA, USA): 1) in the bench setting using an actively breathing patient simulator mimicking a range of obstructive/restrictive diseases; and b) in 12 healthy volunteers wearing high airway resistance and thoracic/abdominal bands to mimic obstructive/restrictive patients. Results: The designed ventilator provided inspiratory/expiratory pressures up to 20/10cmH2O, respectively, with no faulty triggering or cycling; both in the bench test and in volunteers. The breathing difficulty score rated (1-10 scale) by the loaded breathing subjects was significantly (p<0.005) decreased from 5.45±1.68 without support to 2.83±1.66 when using the prototype ventilator, which showed no difference with the commercial device (2.80±1.48; p=1.000). Conclusion: The low-cost, easy-to-build noninvasive ventilator performs similarly to a high-quality commercial device, with its open-source hardware description, which will allow for free replication and use in LMICs, facilitating application of this life-saving therapy to patients who otherwise could not be treated.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/2445/173053
url https://hdl.handle.net/2445/173053
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00846-2020
European Respiratory Journal, 2020, vol. 55, num. 6, p. 2000846
https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00846-2020
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv cc by-nc (c) European Respiratory Society, 2020
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/es/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv cc by-nc (c) European Respiratory Society, 2020
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv European Respiratory Society
publisher.none.fl_str_mv European Respiratory Society
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Articles publicats en revistes (Economia)
reponame:Dipòsit Digital de la UB
instname:
instname_str
reponame_str Dipòsit Digital de la UB
collection Dipòsit Digital de la UB
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,638193

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