Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages

The carotenogenesis in the endocarp and flavedo of Navel oranges over four consecutive maturity stages was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–multistage mass spectrometry. After optimization of the extraction method, 77 c...

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Authors: Lux, Peter E., Carle, Reinhold, Zacarías, Lorenzo, Rodrigo, María Jesús, Schweiggert, Ralf M., Steingass, Christof B.
Format: article
Status:Versión aceptada para publicación
Publication Date:2019
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/205926
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/205926
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:Citraurin
Antheraxanthin
Violaxanthin
Xanthophyll esters
Citrus fruit ripening
Genuine carotenoid profiles
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spelling Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity StagesLux, Peter E.Carle, ReinholdZacarías, LorenzoRodrigo, María JesúsSchweiggert, Ralf M.Steingass, Christof B.CitraurinAntheraxanthinViolaxanthinXanthophyll estersCitrus fruit ripeningGenuine carotenoid profilesThe carotenogenesis in the endocarp and flavedo of Navel oranges over four consecutive maturity stages was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–multistage mass spectrometry. After optimization of the extraction method, 77 carotenoids, including 26 monoesters and 33 diesters of violaxanthin, β-citraurin, and antheraxanthin, were characterized. Whereas chloroplast-specific pigments, such as (all-E)-lutein and (all-E)-β-carotene, predominated in the flavedo of green-ripe fruit, a highly complex pattern of xanthophyll esters was found in the mature oranges. Total carotenoid contents of flavedo were approximately 9-fold higher [12 605 μg/100 g of fresh weight (FW)] than those in the endocarp (1354 μg/100 g of FW) at the fully mature stage. The mature endocarp abundantly contained violaxanthin mono- and diesters, in addition to diverse antheraxanthin esters, which were exclusively detected in this fruit fraction. Likewise, β-citraurin esters were found to be unique flavedo constituents of mature fruit. Therefore, they may support the detection of fraudulent use of peel fractions during orange juice production.This work was partially supported by Research Grant RTI2018-095131-B-I00 (Ministerio Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain). Marı́a-Jesús Rodrigo and Lorenzo Zacarı́as are members of Eurocaroten (COST_Action CA15136) and CaRed (Spanish Carotenoid Network BIO2017-90877-REDT, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain).Peer reviewedACS PublicationsMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202020202019info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Postprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/205926reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE##PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#MICIU/ICTI2017-2020/RTI2018-095131-B-I00MICIU/ICTI2017-2020/BIO2017-90877-REDThttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06098Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2059262026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages
title Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages
spellingShingle Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages
Lux, Peter E.
Citraurin
Antheraxanthin
Violaxanthin
Xanthophyll esters
Citrus fruit ripening
Genuine carotenoid profiles
title_short Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages
title_full Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages
title_fullStr Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages
title_full_unstemmed Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages
title_sort Genuine Carotenoid Profiles in Sweet Orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Navel] Peel and Pulp at Different Maturity Stages
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Lux, Peter E.
Carle, Reinhold
Zacarías, Lorenzo
Rodrigo, María Jesús
Schweiggert, Ralf M.
Steingass, Christof B.
author Lux, Peter E.
author_facet Lux, Peter E.
Carle, Reinhold
Zacarías, Lorenzo
Rodrigo, María Jesús
Schweiggert, Ralf M.
Steingass, Christof B.
author_role author
author2 Carle, Reinhold
Zacarías, Lorenzo
Rodrigo, María Jesús
Schweiggert, Ralf M.
Steingass, Christof B.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Citraurin
Antheraxanthin
Violaxanthin
Xanthophyll esters
Citrus fruit ripening
Genuine carotenoid profiles
topic Citraurin
Antheraxanthin
Violaxanthin
Xanthophyll esters
Citrus fruit ripening
Genuine carotenoid profiles
description The carotenogenesis in the endocarp and flavedo of Navel oranges over four consecutive maturity stages was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–multistage mass spectrometry. After optimization of the extraction method, 77 carotenoids, including 26 monoesters and 33 diesters of violaxanthin, β-citraurin, and antheraxanthin, were characterized. Whereas chloroplast-specific pigments, such as (all-E)-lutein and (all-E)-β-carotene, predominated in the flavedo of green-ripe fruit, a highly complex pattern of xanthophyll esters was found in the mature oranges. Total carotenoid contents of flavedo were approximately 9-fold higher [12 605 μg/100 g of fresh weight (FW)] than those in the endocarp (1354 μg/100 g of FW) at the fully mature stage. The mature endocarp abundantly contained violaxanthin mono- and diesters, in addition to diverse antheraxanthin esters, which were exclusively detected in this fruit fraction. Likewise, β-citraurin esters were found to be unique flavedo constituents of mature fruit. Therefore, they may support the detection of fraudulent use of peel fractions during orange juice production.
publishDate 2019
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2019
2020
2020
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Postprint
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
format article
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/205926
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/205926
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
MICIU/ICTI2017-2020/RTI2018-095131-B-I00
MICIU/ICTI2017-2020/BIO2017-90877-REDT
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06098
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv ACS Publications
publisher.none.fl_str_mv ACS Publications
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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