España, país de inmigración. 30 años de control migratorio en la frontera sur

[EN] The article examines Spain’s transformation into an immigration country over the past thirty years, focusing on migration control at the southern border. Since the early 1990s, the foreign population has risen from 1% to 14%, with flows highly sensitive to economic cycles. Irregular migration—w...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: López Sala, Ana María, Dirk Godenau
Tipo de recurso: otro
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/408979
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/408979
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Spain
Immigration
Southern border
Migration control
SIVE
FRONTEX
Externalization
European Pact on Migration and Asylum
Ceuta
Melilla
España
Inmigración
Frontera Sur
Control migratorio
Externalización
Pacto Europeo de Migración y Asilo
Migration policy
Migration law
Descripción
Sumario:[EN] The article examines Spain’s transformation into an immigration country over the past thirty years, focusing on migration control at the southern border. Since the early 1990s, the foreign population has risen from 1% to 14%, with flows highly sensitive to economic cycles. Irregular migration—whether through unauthorized crossings or overstaying—has been closely linked to Spain’s economic model and to unfulfilled political promises. Border control has been reinforced through fences in Ceuta and Melilla, the SIVE surveillance system, and bilateral and multilateral cooperation, particularly with Morocco and the EU. These policies created selective permeability, externalization, and new mechanisms of containment (detention centers, CATE, macrocenters). Today, the European Pact on Migration and Asylum signals a shift toward a more restrictive regime, with increased deportations and fewer guarantees. Spain thus appears on the threshold of a new stage of migration control, marked by tighter border enforcement and asymmetric rights of mobility.