Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping (AGNES): An Electroanalytical Technique for Chemical Speciation: A Tutorial Review

Free metal ion concentrations of amalgamating elements such as Zn, Cd, In, or Pb can be determined with absence of gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping(AGNES) in a variety of matrices, ranging from seawater to wine or dissolving nanoparticles. In this hands-on paper, we review the fundament...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Galceran i Nogués, Josep, Puy Llorens, Jaume, Companys Ferran, Encarnació, López Solis, Carmen Lucia
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Varias* (Consorci de Biblioteques Universitáries de Catalunya, Centre de Serveis Científics i Acadèmics de Catalunya)
Repositorio:Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya
OAI Identifier:oai:recercat.cat:10459.1/84373
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090351
http://hdl.handle.net/10459.1/84373
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Electroanalysis
Heavy metals
Free concentration
Descripción
Sumario:Free metal ion concentrations of amalgamating elements such as Zn, Cd, In, or Pb can be determined with absence of gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping(AGNES) in a variety of matrices, ranging from seawater to wine or dissolving nanoparticles. In this hands-on paper, we review the fundamental concepts and provide the practical steps to implement AGNES, including ready-to-run files for the software controlling the potentiostat, computation spreadsheets, step-bystep laboratory protocols, etc. Two case studies with a free Zn concentration determination are discussed: (i) a synthetic solution with the ligand oxalate and (ii) a natural sample of the Segre river (Catalonia, Spain). Suggestions for the extension of AGNES to other systems are indicated.