Risk factors of COVID-19 breakthrough infection

We aimed to identify risk factors for breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection after at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine. This is a case-control test-negative design study in hospitalized patients with a severe acute respiratory infection, at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine and a PCR-test for...

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Autores: Otero-Romero, Susana|||0000-0002-6798-568X, Borras Bermejo, Blanca|||0000-0003-4111-5632, Antón Pagarolas, Andrés, 1976-|||0000-0002-1476-0815, Andrés, Cristina|||0000-0002-3200-0895, Tejada-Panduro, Gabriela|||0000-0002-8948-005X, Pinós-Tella, Laia, Carbones, Ingrid, Parés-Badell, Oleguer
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Repositorio:Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:uabarcelona_::94653405a7a140600a788cebd03d8b21
Acceso en línea:https://ddd.uab.cat/record/328082
https://dx.doi.org/urn:doi:10.1186/s12879-025-11773-x
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Risk factors
COVID-19
Breakthrough infection
Vaccines
Descripción
Sumario:We aimed to identify risk factors for breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection after at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine. This is a case-control test-negative design study in hospitalized patients with a severe acute respiratory infection, at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine and a PCR-test for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 performed between 1 November 2021 and 28 June 2022. Cases and controls were matched by age and date of test. A logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratios was performed to determine factors related to breakthrough infection. We analyzed 1,340 breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections matched with 4,016 controls. After adjustment, the odds of a breakthrough infection were 64% higher in patients whose last vaccine dose was administered more than 6 months before hospitalization compared to those vaccinated within the previous 6 months (aOR 1.64; CI 95% 1.42-1.88). Moreover, immunosuppression was statistically associated with breakthrough infection (aOR 2.04; CI 95%, 1.58-2.62). The probability of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly higher in hospitalized patients who had received their last vaccine dose more than six months before hospitalization; while immunosuppression was the most important risk factor for breakthrough infection. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-025-11773-x.

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