Sex-, age-, and time-specific visual communication in brown bears

[EN] Intraspecific communication in mammals is well-documented but generally restricted to chemical and acoustic signaling. However, other overlooked channels, such as visual signaling, may be used to communicate among conspecifics. Here, by using experimental manipulations together with camera trap...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Penteriani Dragone, Vincenzo, Etchart, Léa, 1998-, González Bernardo, Enrique, Hartasánchez, Alfonso, Falcinelli, Daniele, Ruiz Villar, Héctor, Morales González, Ana, Delgado Sánchez, María del Mar
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2023
País:España
Institución:Universidad de León
Repositorio:BULERIA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de León
OAI Identifier:oai:buleria.unileon.es:10612/27305
Acceso en línea:https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/104/2/279/7033162
https://hdl.handle.net/10612/27305
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Ecología. Medio ambiente
Zoología
Chemical marking
Debarking
Large carnivores
Mating
Rubbing trees
Ursus arctos
Visual marking
Visual signaling
Apareamiento
Arboles de marcaje
Descortezado
Grandes carnívoros
Marcaje químico
Marcaje visual
Señalización visual
2401.02 Comportamiento Animal
2401.03 Comunicación Animal
2401.06 Ecología Animal
2401.18 Mamíferos
Descripción
Sumario:[EN] Intraspecific communication in mammals is well-documented but generally restricted to chemical and acoustic signaling. However, other overlooked channels, such as visual signaling, may be used to communicate among conspecifics. Here, by using experimental manipulations together with camera traps on 13 brown bear (Ursus arctos) rubbing trees in the Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain), we document detailed temporal patterns and behavioral aspects of a recently discovered novel communication channel for this species, visual signaling through the trunk debarking of focal trees. Video footage showed that visual marking is a sex-, age-, and time-specific means of communication in brown bears, being performed exclusively by adult males during the mating season (mainly April–June in the study area). Trunk debarking was always associated with chemical marking and was never an isolated behavior, suggesting that visual and chemical signals might be complementary. Visual and chemical marks may provide different information; for example, visual marks could be an indicator of individual size and, thus, the dominance status of adult males looking for mating opportunities. This is the first time that evidence is provided showing that visual signaling in a large carnivore is exclusive to a specific class of individuals (adult males) and linked to reproductive needs only. Bear visual signaling not only represents an advance in our comprehension of animal communication but may also serve to easily locate the mating areas of mammals, which are crucial for large carnivore species, such as the brown bear, that frequently need specific and urgent plans for conservation and management