| Sumario: | Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) are synthetic macromolecules that retain chemical memory for a certain ligand. They work as biomimetic artificial receptors, often demonstrating higher affinity than their natural counterparts. Over the past few decades, the synthesis of MIPs has advanced significantly, evolving from the bulk polymerisation method to reversible deactivation radical polymerisation, giving rise to more homogeneous MIPs as regards size and shape. Applications of MIP have expanded notably in recent years, being employed for separation, purification, and concentration of chemicals, for protein determination, as drug carriers for controlled release, in different types of immunoassays, and as recognition elements in chemical sensor devices. Broadly speaking, these materials have proven their potential to replace natural antibodies in the bioanalytical field. In this article, the most common polymerisation strategies and imprinting methods for MIP production will be summarised, including their most relevant applications in bioanalysis.; Molekulekin inprimatutako polimeroak (MIP) ligando (ioi, konposatu kimiko, peptido, proteina edo mikroorganismo) batekiko memoria gordetzen duten makromolekula sintetiko adimendunak dira, ligando horren presentzian sintetizatuak izaten baitira. Oro har, hartzaile artifizial biomimetiko gisa lan egiten dute, jatorri endogenoa duten hartzaileek baino afinitate handiagoa erakutsiz askotan. Azken hamarkadetan, MIPen sintesi-prozesuan aurrerapauso handiak eman dira, erradikal askeen bidezko polimerizazioetatik hasita, desaktibazio itzulkor bidezko polimerizazio erradikalean oinarritutako sintesietaraino, gero eta polimero homogeneoagoak lortuz forma eta tamainari dagokionez. Azken urteotan, MIPen aplikazioak nabarmen zabaldu dira, besteak beste, matrize ezberdinetatik konposatu kimiko ezberdinen erauzketa, purifikazio eta kontzentraziorako, proteinen determinaziorako, farmakoen askapen kontrolaturako, immunoentsegu mota ezberdinetan, edota sentsore kimikoen ezagutza-elementu gisa. Oro har, antigorputz naturalak ordezkatzeko erabil daitezkeela frogatu da. Artikulu honetan, MIPen garapenerako erabiltzen diren ohiko polimerizazio- eta inprimatze-estrategia ezberdinak deskribatuko dira, bioanalisiaren arloan dituzten aplikazio ezberdinak ere jorratuz.
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