The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora

Infections caused by the opportunistic pathogens Scedosporium/Lomentospora are on the rise. This causes problems in the clinic due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating them. This review collates information published on immune response against these fungi, since an understanding of the mecha...

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Autores: Buldain Garriz, Idoia, Martín Souto, Leire, Antorán Díaz, Aitziber, Areitio Beramendi, Maialen, Aparicio Fernández, Leire, Rementeria Ruiz, Aitor Domingo, Hernando Echevarria, Fernando Luis, Ramírez García, Andoni
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Institución:Universidad del País Vasco
Repositorio:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
OAI Identifier:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/50416
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10810/50416
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:scedosporium
lomentospora
immune response
cytokine
macrophage
lymphocyte
monocyte
antigen
epithelium
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spelling The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/LomentosporaBuldain Garriz, IdoiaMartín Souto, LeireAntorán Díaz, AitziberAreitio Beramendi, MaialenAparicio Fernández, LeireRementeria Ruiz, Aitor DomingoHernando Echevarria, Fernando LuisRamírez García, Andoniscedosporiumlomentosporaimmune responsecytokinemacrophagelymphocytemonocyteantigenepitheliumInfections caused by the opportunistic pathogens Scedosporium/Lomentospora are on the rise. This causes problems in the clinic due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating them. This review collates information published on immune response against these fungi, since an understanding of the mechanisms involved is of great interest in developing more effective strategies against them. Scedosporium/Lomentospora cell wall components, including peptidorhamnomannans (PRMs), α-glucans and glucosylceramides, are important immune response activators following their recognition by TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1 and through receptors that are yet unknown. After recognition, cytokine synthesis and antifungal activity of different phagocytes and epithelial cells is species-specific, highlighting the poor response by microglial cells against L. prolificans. Moreover, a great number of Scedosporium/Lomentospora antigens have been identified, most notably catalase, PRM and Hsp70 for their potential medical applicability. Against host immune response, these fungi contain evasion mechanisms, inducing host non-protective response, masking fungal molecular patterns, destructing host defense proteins and decreasing oxidative killing. In conclusion, although many advances have been made, many aspects remain to be elucidated and more research is necessary to shed light on the immune response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora.This research was funded by the Basque Government, grant number IT1362-19. L.M.-S., M.A., and L.A.-F. were funded by the Basque Government.MDPI2021202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10810/50416reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigacióninstname:Universidad del País VascoIngléshttps://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/2/75/htminfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/504162026-06-18T09:23:17Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora
title The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora
spellingShingle The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora
Buldain Garriz, Idoia
scedosporium
lomentospora
immune response
cytokine
macrophage
lymphocyte
monocyte
antigen
epithelium
title_short The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora
title_full The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora
title_fullStr The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora
title_full_unstemmed The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora
title_sort The Host Immune Response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Buldain Garriz, Idoia
Martín Souto, Leire
Antorán Díaz, Aitziber
Areitio Beramendi, Maialen
Aparicio Fernández, Leire
Rementeria Ruiz, Aitor Domingo
Hernando Echevarria, Fernando Luis
Ramírez García, Andoni
author Buldain Garriz, Idoia
author_facet Buldain Garriz, Idoia
Martín Souto, Leire
Antorán Díaz, Aitziber
Areitio Beramendi, Maialen
Aparicio Fernández, Leire
Rementeria Ruiz, Aitor Domingo
Hernando Echevarria, Fernando Luis
Ramírez García, Andoni
author_role author
author2 Martín Souto, Leire
Antorán Díaz, Aitziber
Areitio Beramendi, Maialen
Aparicio Fernández, Leire
Rementeria Ruiz, Aitor Domingo
Hernando Echevarria, Fernando Luis
Ramírez García, Andoni
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv scedosporium
lomentospora
immune response
cytokine
macrophage
lymphocyte
monocyte
antigen
epithelium
topic scedosporium
lomentospora
immune response
cytokine
macrophage
lymphocyte
monocyte
antigen
epithelium
description Infections caused by the opportunistic pathogens Scedosporium/Lomentospora are on the rise. This causes problems in the clinic due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating them. This review collates information published on immune response against these fungi, since an understanding of the mechanisms involved is of great interest in developing more effective strategies against them. Scedosporium/Lomentospora cell wall components, including peptidorhamnomannans (PRMs), α-glucans and glucosylceramides, are important immune response activators following their recognition by TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1 and through receptors that are yet unknown. After recognition, cytokine synthesis and antifungal activity of different phagocytes and epithelial cells is species-specific, highlighting the poor response by microglial cells against L. prolificans. Moreover, a great number of Scedosporium/Lomentospora antigens have been identified, most notably catalase, PRM and Hsp70 for their potential medical applicability. Against host immune response, these fungi contain evasion mechanisms, inducing host non-protective response, masking fungal molecular patterns, destructing host defense proteins and decreasing oxidative killing. In conclusion, although many advances have been made, many aspects remain to be elucidated and more research is necessary to shed light on the immune response to Scedosporium/Lomentospora.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10810/50416
url http://hdl.handle.net/10810/50416
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/2/75/htm
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
instname:Universidad del País Vasco
instname_str Universidad del País Vasco
reponame_str Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
collection Addi. Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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