Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios

Dynamics in matter and processes observed using in-situ microscopy methods provide an immense capability for direct revealing phenomena in the nanoscale. As a part of this work, Fe-7.9Ni-2.8Al-0.77Cu-0.4C wt.% bainitic steel (named BainNiAlCu), designed for (Ni, Al)-rich particles formation, was inv...

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Autores: Królicka, Aleksandra, Jiménez, José Antonio, García Caballero, Francisca, Żak, A.M.
Tipo de documento: artigo
Data de publicação:2025
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositório:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/403154
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/403154
Access Level:Acceso aberto
Palavra-chave:Dynamic microscopy
Bainitic transformation
Martensite
Bainite nucleation
Nial
Kappa carbide
Intercritical annealing
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spelling Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenariosKrólicka, AleksandraJiménez, José AntonioGarcía Caballero, FranciscaŻak, A.M.Dynamic microscopyBainitic transformationMartensiteBainite nucleationNialKappa carbideIntercritical annealingDynamics in matter and processes observed using in-situ microscopy methods provide an immense capability for direct revealing phenomena in the nanoscale. As a part of this work, Fe-7.9Ni-2.8Al-0.77Cu-0.4C wt.% bainitic steel (named BainNiAlCu), designed for (Ni, Al)-rich particles formation, was investigated using ex-situ and in-situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (S/TEM), dilatometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bainitic and martensitic transformation was conducted inside a microscope column. The progress of austenite-to-ferrite transformation in the annealing step at 670 °C has generated dislocations in the adjacent austenite to accommodate the volume misfit between ferrite and austenite. The dynamic recovery of these dislocations has introduced numerous sub-grains and twin boundaries in the austenite, which act as nucleation sites for bainitic ferrite accelerating significantly this transformation during isothermal annealing at 250 °C. On the other hand, the B2-NiAl phase expected from the theoretical calculations was not revealed either in the in-situ or ex-situ microstructural studies, nor in the XRD patterns. The bainitic structure contained Kappa carbide resulted from ordering reaction of a NiAl-enriched FCC phase formed from the spinodal decomposition of the austenite, which would suppress the formation of B2 precipitates at 650 °C. The insight into the nucleation of bainitic ferrite considering various factors was revealed.This work was supported by the National Science Centre Poland (OPUS Project, No. 2023/51/B/ST8/01393, title: "Intermetallics Strengthening in nanocrystalline Banitic steels considering the additive manufacturing method (INSTaBAIN)”). F.G. Caballero would like to thanks the European Commission for funding her investigations on bainite (RFCS-02–2022-RPJ Project: 101112398 — NanoWinTur).Elsevier BVNational Science Centre (Poland)European CommissionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2025202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://hdl.handle.net/10261/403154reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC//RFCShttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121386Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/4031542026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios
title Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios
spellingShingle Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios
Królicka, Aleksandra
Dynamic microscopy
Bainitic transformation
Martensite
Bainite nucleation
Nial
Kappa carbide
Intercritical annealing
title_short Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios
title_full Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios
title_fullStr Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios
title_full_unstemmed Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios
title_sort Ex-situ and in-situ S/TEM study of bainitic ferrite nucleation and martensite transformation for various heat treatment scenarios
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Królicka, Aleksandra
Jiménez, José Antonio
García Caballero, Francisca
Żak, A.M.
author Królicka, Aleksandra
author_facet Królicka, Aleksandra
Jiménez, José Antonio
García Caballero, Francisca
Żak, A.M.
author_role author
author2 Jiménez, José Antonio
García Caballero, Francisca
Żak, A.M.
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv National Science Centre (Poland)
European Commission
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Dynamic microscopy
Bainitic transformation
Martensite
Bainite nucleation
Nial
Kappa carbide
Intercritical annealing
topic Dynamic microscopy
Bainitic transformation
Martensite
Bainite nucleation
Nial
Kappa carbide
Intercritical annealing
description Dynamics in matter and processes observed using in-situ microscopy methods provide an immense capability for direct revealing phenomena in the nanoscale. As a part of this work, Fe-7.9Ni-2.8Al-0.77Cu-0.4C wt.% bainitic steel (named BainNiAlCu), designed for (Ni, Al)-rich particles formation, was investigated using ex-situ and in-situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (S/TEM), dilatometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bainitic and martensitic transformation was conducted inside a microscope column. The progress of austenite-to-ferrite transformation in the annealing step at 670 °C has generated dislocations in the adjacent austenite to accommodate the volume misfit between ferrite and austenite. The dynamic recovery of these dislocations has introduced numerous sub-grains and twin boundaries in the austenite, which act as nucleation sites for bainitic ferrite accelerating significantly this transformation during isothermal annealing at 250 °C. On the other hand, the B2-NiAl phase expected from the theoretical calculations was not revealed either in the in-situ or ex-situ microstructural studies, nor in the XRD patterns. The bainitic structure contained Kappa carbide resulted from ordering reaction of a NiAl-enriched FCC phase formed from the spinodal decomposition of the austenite, which would suppress the formation of B2 precipitates at 650 °C. The insight into the nucleation of bainitic ferrite considering various factors was revealed.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/403154
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/403154
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC//RFCS
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121386
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier BV
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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