Chromatin regulates DNA torsional energy via topoisomerase II-mediated relaxation of positive supercoils

Eukaryotic topoisomerases I (topo I) and II (topo II) relax the positive (+) and negative (-) DNA torsional stress (TS) generated ahead and behind the transcription machinery. It is unknown how this DNA relaxation activity is regulated and whether (+) and (-)TS are reduced at similar rates. Here, we...

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Bibliographic Details
Authors: Fernàndez, Xavier, Díaz-Ingelmo, Ofelia, Martínez-García, Belén, Roca, Joaquim
Format: article
Status:Versión aceptada para publicación
Publication Date:2014
Country:España
Institution:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repository:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/117019
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/117019
Access Level:Open access
Keyword:gyrase
yeast
supercoiling
transcription
Nucleosome
Description
Summary:Eukaryotic topoisomerases I (topo I) and II (topo II) relax the positive (+) and negative (-) DNA torsional stress (TS) generated ahead and behind the transcription machinery. It is unknown how this DNA relaxation activity is regulated and whether (+) and (-)TS are reduced at similar rates. Here, we used yeast circular minichromosomes to conduct the first comparative analysis of topo I and topo II activities in relaxing chromatin under (+) and (-)TS. We observed that, while topo I relaxed (+) and (-)TS with similar efficiency, topo II was more proficient and relaxed (+)TS more quickly than (-)TS. Accordingly, we found that the relaxation rate of (+)TS by endogenous topoisomerases largely surpassed that of (-)TS. We propose a model of how distinct conformations of chromatin under (+) and (-)TS may produce this unbalanced relaxation of DNA. We postulate that, while quick relaxation of (+)TS may facilitate the progression of RNA and DNA polymerases, slow relaxation of (-)TS may serve to favor DNA unwinding and other structural transitions at specific regions often required for genomic transactions. © 2014 The Authors.