High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Although prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of...

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Autores: Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno, Brazo Sayavera, Javier, Martínez Vizcaíno, Vicente José Anastasio, Fernández Rodríguez, Rubén, López Gil, José Francisco, Díaz Goñi, Valentina, Cavero Redondo, Iván, Eumann Mesas, Arthur
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Repositorio:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
OAI Identifier:oai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/47033
Acceso en línea:https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac104
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323000728
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/47033
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:adulthood
aerobic capacity
healthy diet
Mediterranean diet adherence
Mediterranean foods
motor skills
muscular strength
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spelling High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisBizzozero Peroni, BrunoBrazo Sayavera, JavierMartínez Vizcaíno, Vicente José AnastasioFernández Rodríguez, RubénLópez Gil, José FranciscoDíaz Goñi, ValentinaCavero Redondo, IvánEumann Mesas, Arthuradulthoodaerobic capacityhealthy dietMediterranean diet adherenceMediterranean foodsmotor skillsmuscular strengthAlthough prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood. We conducted a systematic search in 5 databases from inception to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (Cohen d index) with their 95% CIs were calculated via a random effects model. A total of 30 studies were included (19 cross-sectional in young, middle-aged, and older adults; 10 prospective cohort in older adults; and 1 randomized controlled trial in young adults) involving 36,807 individuals (mean age range: 20.9–86.3 y). Pooled effect sizes showed a significant cross-sectional association between higher MD adherence scores (as a continuous variable) and overall PF (d = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75; I2 = 91.0%, n = 6). The pooled ORs from cross-sectional data showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.47; I2 = 0%, n = 4), musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.47; I2 = 61.4%, n = 13), and overall PF (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68; I2 = 83.2%, n = 17) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Pooled ORs from prospective cohort studies (3- to 12-y follow-up) showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38; I2 = 0%, n = 4) and overall PF (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; I2 = 9.7%, n = 7) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Conversely, no significant association was observed between MD and motor fitness. High adherence to MD was associated with higher PF levels, a crucial marker of health status throughout adulthood. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022308259.Elsevier202620262022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac104https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323000728https://hdl.handle.net/10578/47033reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLMinstname:Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaInglésUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha 10.13039/50110000748010.13039/501100004895 2020-PREDUCLM-16746 Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación10.13039/100008725 POS_EXT_2020_20_1_165371 Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes10.13039/501100003176 19/00167info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:ruidera.uclm.es:10578/470332026-05-27T07:36:41Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
spellingShingle High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno
adulthood
aerobic capacity
healthy diet
Mediterranean diet adherence
Mediterranean foods
motor skills
muscular strength
title_short High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort High Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet is Associated with Higher Physical Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno
Brazo Sayavera, Javier
Martínez Vizcaíno, Vicente José Anastasio
Fernández Rodríguez, Rubén
López Gil, José Francisco
Díaz Goñi, Valentina
Cavero Redondo, Iván
Eumann Mesas, Arthur
author Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno
author_facet Bizzozero Peroni, Bruno
Brazo Sayavera, Javier
Martínez Vizcaíno, Vicente José Anastasio
Fernández Rodríguez, Rubén
López Gil, José Francisco
Díaz Goñi, Valentina
Cavero Redondo, Iván
Eumann Mesas, Arthur
author_role author
author2 Brazo Sayavera, Javier
Martínez Vizcaíno, Vicente José Anastasio
Fernández Rodríguez, Rubén
López Gil, José Francisco
Díaz Goñi, Valentina
Cavero Redondo, Iván
Eumann Mesas, Arthur
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv adulthood
aerobic capacity
healthy diet
Mediterranean diet adherence
Mediterranean foods
motor skills
muscular strength
topic adulthood
aerobic capacity
healthy diet
Mediterranean diet adherence
Mediterranean foods
motor skills
muscular strength
description Although prior research has synthesized the relationships between the Mediterranean diet (MD) and components of physical fitness (PF) in adults, they are limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to synthesize the associations between high (compared with low) MD adherence and PF levels with each of its components (cardiorespiratory, motor, and musculoskeletal) in adulthood. We conducted a systematic search in 5 databases from inception to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (Cohen d index) with their 95% CIs were calculated via a random effects model. A total of 30 studies were included (19 cross-sectional in young, middle-aged, and older adults; 10 prospective cohort in older adults; and 1 randomized controlled trial in young adults) involving 36,807 individuals (mean age range: 20.9–86.3 y). Pooled effect sizes showed a significant cross-sectional association between higher MD adherence scores (as a continuous variable) and overall PF (d = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.75; I2 = 91.0%, n = 6). The pooled ORs from cross-sectional data showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 2.06, 2.47; I2 = 0%, n = 4), musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.47; I2 = 61.4%, n = 13), and overall PF (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.68; I2 = 83.2%, n = 17) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Pooled ORs from prospective cohort studies (3- to 12-y follow-up) showed that high adherence to MD was associated with higher musculoskeletal fitness (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.38; I2 = 0%, n = 4) and overall PF (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26; I2 = 9.7%, n = 7) than low adherence to MD (reference category: 1). Conversely, no significant association was observed between MD and motor fitness. High adherence to MD was associated with higher PF levels, a crucial marker of health status throughout adulthood. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022308259.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022
2026
2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac104
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323000728
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/47033
url https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac104
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323000728
https://hdl.handle.net/10578/47033
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 10.13039/501100007480
10.13039/501100004895 2020-PREDUCLM-16746 Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación
10.13039/100008725 POS_EXT_2020_20_1_165371 Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deportes
10.13039/501100003176 19/00167
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
instname:Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
instname_str Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
reponame_str RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
collection RUIdeRA. Repositorio Institucional de la UCLM
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812429

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