From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)

The Arenaza Cave (Galdames, Basque Country) is known for the extensive archaeological site found in its vestibule and the parietal art on its inner walls. A very long sequence of human occupation is noteworthy, from at least the Gravettian to the Roman period. In addition, the cave was the subject o...

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Autores: Garate Maidagan, Diego|||0000-0001-6685-9588, Medina Alcaide, María Ángeles, Intxaurbe, Iñaki, Arriolabengoa, Martín, Fernández Navarro, Verónica, Salazar Cañarte, Sergio|||0000-0002-2892-3945, Steelman, Karen L., Banny, Rudolph G.
Formato: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Recursos:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositorio:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/39293
Acesso em linha:https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39293
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:Upper palaeolithic
Cave art
Mining
Roman
Chronology
Inner archaeological context
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spelling From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)Garate Maidagan, Diego|||0000-0001-6685-9588Medina Alcaide, María ÁngelesIntxaurbe, IñakiArriolabengoa, MartínFernández Navarro, VerónicaSalazar Cañarte, Sergio|||0000-0002-2892-3945Steelman, Karen L.Banny, Rudolph G.Upper palaeolithicCave artMiningRomanChronologyInner archaeological contextThe Arenaza Cave (Galdames, Basque Country) is known for the extensive archaeological site found in its vestibule and the parietal art on its inner walls. A very long sequence of human occupation is noteworthy, from at least the Gravettian to the Roman period. In addition, the cave was the subject of iron mining explorations during the 19th century and part of the 20th century, causing a profound transformation of its interior morphology. Even so, four sectors with Palaeolithic parietal art have been preserved inside, with the ?Hall of the Hinds? standing out, not only because of the number of paintings but also because of its difficult access after a long and narrow gallery at a considerable distance from the entrance to the cave. To archaeologically contextualise the artistic activity, a programme was developed that included two archaeological surveys and the dating of black charcoal marks on the walls. The results obtained show the absence of archaeological materials linked to the execution of the art, dated stylistically between ca. 31 and 26 ka. On the other hand, two different episodes have been detected: one dated to the Late Bronze Age (3.5 ka) and the other to the Roman period (4th century CE). Black marks on the walls are also associated with these two episodes. In other words, despite the recondite and inaccessible nature of the decorated space, an intense and varied multi-period activity can be detected, reflecting the diachronic complexity that the internal archaeological contexts of the cavities can present.The authors wish to thank the Cultural Heritage Service of the Diputaci´on Foral de Bizkaia for funding the multidisciplinary study project “Intervenci´on arqueol´ogica en la Sala de las Ciervas de la Cueva de Arenaza (Galdames, Bizkaia)” directed by Dr. Diego Garate between 2021 and 2022. They also thank the people who participated in the excavation Antonio Torres, Olga Spaey, Azahara Moreno and Ane Corral as well as the speleological group Burnia for their collaboration. This paper is also part of the following projects: a) the research project “Scientific virtual reality for the study and dissemination of the scenarios of artistic creation in Palaeolithic caves (RealCaveART) (PDC2022-133124-I00), PI: Diego Garate, funded by MCIN/AEI/h ttps://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033and the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR; b) The publication is part of the grant RYC2023-045481-I (PI: M. Medina), funded by MCIU/AEI/https://doi. org/10.13039/501100011033and by the FSE +. I. Intxaurbe’s postdoctoral research is funded by the Programa Posdoctoral de namiento de Personal Investigador Doctor (2024–2027) of the Deputy Minister for Universities and Research of the Basque Government at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU).ElsevierUniversidad de Cantabria20252025-01-01journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501NAhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://hdl.handle.net/10902/39293Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2025, 62, 105061reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabriainstname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)Inglésengopen accesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/392932026-06-02T12:39:31Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)
title From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)
spellingShingle From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)
Garate Maidagan, Diego|||0000-0001-6685-9588
Upper palaeolithic
Cave art
Mining
Roman
Chronology
Inner archaeological context
title_short From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)
title_full From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)
title_fullStr From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)
title_full_unstemmed From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)
title_sort From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Garate Maidagan, Diego|||0000-0001-6685-9588
Medina Alcaide, María Ángeles
Intxaurbe, Iñaki
Arriolabengoa, Martín
Fernández Navarro, Verónica
Salazar Cañarte, Sergio|||0000-0002-2892-3945
Steelman, Karen L.
Banny, Rudolph G.
author Garate Maidagan, Diego|||0000-0001-6685-9588
author_facet Garate Maidagan, Diego|||0000-0001-6685-9588
Medina Alcaide, María Ángeles
Intxaurbe, Iñaki
Arriolabengoa, Martín
Fernández Navarro, Verónica
Salazar Cañarte, Sergio|||0000-0002-2892-3945
Steelman, Karen L.
Banny, Rudolph G.
author_role author
author2 Medina Alcaide, María Ángeles
Intxaurbe, Iñaki
Arriolabengoa, Martín
Fernández Navarro, Verónica
Salazar Cañarte, Sergio|||0000-0002-2892-3945
Steelman, Karen L.
Banny, Rudolph G.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Universidad de Cantabria
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Upper palaeolithic
Cave art
Mining
Roman
Chronology
Inner archaeological context
topic Upper palaeolithic
Cave art
Mining
Roman
Chronology
Inner archaeological context
description The Arenaza Cave (Galdames, Basque Country) is known for the extensive archaeological site found in its vestibule and the parietal art on its inner walls. A very long sequence of human occupation is noteworthy, from at least the Gravettian to the Roman period. In addition, the cave was the subject of iron mining explorations during the 19th century and part of the 20th century, causing a profound transformation of its interior morphology. Even so, four sectors with Palaeolithic parietal art have been preserved inside, with the ?Hall of the Hinds? standing out, not only because of the number of paintings but also because of its difficult access after a long and narrow gallery at a considerable distance from the entrance to the cave. To archaeologically contextualise the artistic activity, a programme was developed that included two archaeological surveys and the dating of black charcoal marks on the walls. The results obtained show the absence of archaeological materials linked to the execution of the art, dated stylistically between ca. 31 and 26 ka. On the other hand, two different episodes have been detected: one dated to the Late Bronze Age (3.5 ka) and the other to the Roman period (4th century CE). Black marks on the walls are also associated with these two episodes. In other words, despite the recondite and inaccessible nature of the decorated space, an intense and varied multi-period activity can be detected, reflecting the diachronic complexity that the internal archaeological contexts of the cavities can present.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025-01-01
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv journal article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
NA
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_be7fb7dd8ff6fe43
dc.type.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39293
url https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39293
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
eng
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.rights.openaire.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv open access
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Attribution 4.0 International
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Elsevier
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2025, 62, 105061
reponame:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
instname:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
instname_str Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
reponame_str UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
collection UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,811543

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