From artists to miners: A multiperiod human prehistoric activity inside the “Hall of the Hinds” in Arenaza cave (Northern Spain)

The Arenaza Cave (Galdames, Basque Country) is known for the extensive archaeological site found in its vestibule and the parietal art on its inner walls. A very long sequence of human occupation is noteworthy, from at least the Gravettian to the Roman period. In addition, the cave was the subject o...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Garate Maidagan, Diego|||0000-0001-6685-9588, Medina Alcaide, María Ángeles, Intxaurbe, Iñaki, Arriolabengoa, Martín, Fernández Navarro, Verónica, Salazar Cañarte, Sergio|||0000-0002-2892-3945, Steelman, Karen L., Banny, Rudolph G.
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Cantabria (UC)
Repositorio:UCrea Repositorio Abierto de la Universidad de Cantabria
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/39293
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10902/39293
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Upper palaeolithic
Cave art
Mining
Roman
Chronology
Inner archaeological context
Descripción
Sumario:The Arenaza Cave (Galdames, Basque Country) is known for the extensive archaeological site found in its vestibule and the parietal art on its inner walls. A very long sequence of human occupation is noteworthy, from at least the Gravettian to the Roman period. In addition, the cave was the subject of iron mining explorations during the 19th century and part of the 20th century, causing a profound transformation of its interior morphology. Even so, four sectors with Palaeolithic parietal art have been preserved inside, with the ?Hall of the Hinds? standing out, not only because of the number of paintings but also because of its difficult access after a long and narrow gallery at a considerable distance from the entrance to the cave. To archaeologically contextualise the artistic activity, a programme was developed that included two archaeological surveys and the dating of black charcoal marks on the walls. The results obtained show the absence of archaeological materials linked to the execution of the art, dated stylistically between ca. 31 and 26 ka. On the other hand, two different episodes have been detected: one dated to the Late Bronze Age (3.5 ka) and the other to the Roman period (4th century CE). Black marks on the walls are also associated with these two episodes. In other words, despite the recondite and inaccessible nature of the decorated space, an intense and varied multi-period activity can be detected, reflecting the diachronic complexity that the internal archaeological contexts of the cavities can present.