Multi-PCM lime mortars incorporating polymer-shell and form-stable Phase Change Materials for energy-efficient building envelopes

The incorporation of phase change materials (PCMs) into lime mortars has traditionally relied on single-transition systems, limiting thermal efficiency under variable conditions. In contrast, multi-PCM systems remain scarcely investigated, particularly regarding the combined effects of transition te...

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Autores: Rubio-Aguinaga, A. (Andrea)|||/items/a9224977-7125-4944-9cca-5e21c7cd33f3, Kyriakou, L. (Loucas)|||/items/e3bee79c-67d7-4ec6-859b-21acbfe31687, Fernandez-Alvarez, J.M. (José María)|||/items/1dea5bde-978e-46db-8871-8d426cbb52c8, Navarro-Blasco, I. (Iñigo)|||/items/733b109b-1074-49e9-8952-70ec6928cc54, Alvarez-Galindo, J.I. (José Ignacio)|||/items/c88ef755-513c-4ff3-bbff-44aadbf32204
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:Dadun. Depósito Académico Digital de la Universidad de Navarra
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:dadun_______::332f695aff7404b17303b67708dfa2c2
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/10171/124681
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Phase Change Materials (PCMs)
Lime mortar
Form-stable PCMs
Multi-PCM
Descripción
Sumario:The incorporation of phase change materials (PCMs) into lime mortars has traditionally relied on single-transition systems, limiting thermal efficiency under variable conditions. In contrast, multi-PCM systems remain scarcely investigated, particularly regarding the combined effects of transition temperatures, encapsulation strategies and material formats.,This study developed multi-PCM lime mortars for energy-efficient building envelopes by combining PCMs with low and high (5–25 °C) or intermediate and high (18–25 °C) transition temperatures. Two PCM families were used: silica-supported form-stable systems and polymer-shell microencapsulated systems supplied as aqueous slurries or dry powders. All mortars incorporated 20 wt.% PCM (10% + 10% relative to lime) while maintaining adequate workability for rendering applications.,Microstructural analysis showed that form-stable PCMs produced more heterogeneous pore structures, whereas microencapsulated systems preserved microstructures similar to PCM-free mortars. Mortars containing metakaolin exhibited enhanced mechanical performance and durability, in some cases surpassing reference formulations.,Thermal activation, evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, revealed broadened phase transitions in form-stable systems due to component interactions, while polymeric microencapsulation preserved distinct transitions and enabled a wider, more controllable activation range. Under dynamic thermal conditions (-10 to 50 °C), all multi-PCM mortars showed significant temperature buffering, with reductions of up to 1.5 °C during heating and 1.1 °C during cooling, and relative energy exchange values up to 8.2 × 105 °C·s/m2.,Environmental and economic assessments indicated that the added carbon footprint and cost of PCM incorporation should be balanced against the effectiveness of matching PCM transition temperatures to climatic conditions.