Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites

Numerous and extensive ‘Stone Walled Sites’ have been identified in southern African Iron Age landscapes. Appearing from around 1200 CE, and showing considerable variability in size and form, these settlements are named after the dry-stone wall structures that characterize them. Stone Walled Sites w...

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Autores: Biagetti, S., Alcaina-Mateos, Jonas, Ruiz-Giralt, Abel, Lancelotti, Carla, Groenewald, P., Ibáñez Insa, Jordi, Gur-Arieh, Shira, Morton, Fred, Merlo, S.
Formato: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2021
País:España
Recursos:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/255175
Acesso em linha:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/255175
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palavra-chave:‘Stone Walled Sites’
southern African Iron Age
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spelling Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled SitesBiagetti, S.Alcaina-Mateos, JonasRuiz-Giralt, AbelLancelotti, CarlaGroenewald, P.Ibáñez Insa, JordiGur-Arieh, ShiraMorton, FredMerlo, S.‘Stone Walled Sites’southern African Iron AgeNumerous and extensive ‘Stone Walled Sites’ have been identified in southern African Iron Age landscapes. Appearing from around 1200 CE, and showing considerable variability in size and form, these settlements are named after the dry-stone wall structures that characterize them. Stone Walled Sites were occupied by various Bantu-speaking agropastoral communities. In this paper we test the use of pXRF (portable X-ray fluorescence analysis) to generate a ‘supplementary’ archaeological record where evident stratigraphy is lacking, survey conditions may be uneven, and excavations limited, due to the overall site size. We propose herein the application of portable X-ray fluorescence analysis (pXRF) coupled with multivariate exploratory analysis and geostatistical modelling at Seoke, a southern African SWS of historical age (18 century CE). The aim of the paper is twofold: to explore the potential of the application of a low cost, quick, and minimally invasive technique to detect chemical markers in anthropogenic sediments from a Stone Walled Site, and to propose a way to analyse the results in order to improve our understanding of the use of space at non-generalized scales in such sites.This research is funded by Fundación Palarq, calls 2019 and 2020, project ”Geo-EtnoArqueologia y uso del espacio (GEA)” entrusted to SB. SM and FM received financial support from the Office of Research and Development at the University of Botswana. The work of SGA was funded by the European Union’s MapDung project funded by the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No H2020-MSCA-IF-2017-794823. SB, JAM, ARG, CL and SGA are members of CaSEs Research Group of the Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR SGR-212), which is an associated unit (Unidad Asociada) to the Institucion Mila Y Fontanals of the Spanish Research National Council (CSIC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Public Library of ScienceFundación PalarqUniversity of BotswanaEuropean CommissionGeneralitat de CatalunyaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]2021202120212021info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/255175reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/2020-MSCA-IF-2017-794823http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250776Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/2551752026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites
title Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites
spellingShingle Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites
Biagetti, S.
‘Stone Walled Sites’
southern African Iron Age
title_short Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites
title_full Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites
title_fullStr Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites
title_full_unstemmed Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites
title_sort Identifying anthropogenic features at Seoke (Botswana) using pXRF: Expanding the record of southern African Stone Walled Sites
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Biagetti, S.
Alcaina-Mateos, Jonas
Ruiz-Giralt, Abel
Lancelotti, Carla
Groenewald, P.
Ibáñez Insa, Jordi
Gur-Arieh, Shira
Morton, Fred
Merlo, S.
author Biagetti, S.
author_facet Biagetti, S.
Alcaina-Mateos, Jonas
Ruiz-Giralt, Abel
Lancelotti, Carla
Groenewald, P.
Ibáñez Insa, Jordi
Gur-Arieh, Shira
Morton, Fred
Merlo, S.
author_role author
author2 Alcaina-Mateos, Jonas
Ruiz-Giralt, Abel
Lancelotti, Carla
Groenewald, P.
Ibáñez Insa, Jordi
Gur-Arieh, Shira
Morton, Fred
Merlo, S.
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Fundación Palarq
University of Botswana
European Commission
Generalitat de Catalunya
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv ‘Stone Walled Sites’
southern African Iron Age
topic ‘Stone Walled Sites’
southern African Iron Age
description Numerous and extensive ‘Stone Walled Sites’ have been identified in southern African Iron Age landscapes. Appearing from around 1200 CE, and showing considerable variability in size and form, these settlements are named after the dry-stone wall structures that characterize them. Stone Walled Sites were occupied by various Bantu-speaking agropastoral communities. In this paper we test the use of pXRF (portable X-ray fluorescence analysis) to generate a ‘supplementary’ archaeological record where evident stratigraphy is lacking, survey conditions may be uneven, and excavations limited, due to the overall site size. We propose herein the application of portable X-ray fluorescence analysis (pXRF) coupled with multivariate exploratory analysis and geostatistical modelling at Seoke, a southern African SWS of historical age (18 century CE). The aim of the paper is twofold: to explore the potential of the application of a low cost, quick, and minimally invasive technique to detect chemical markers in anthropogenic sediments from a Stone Walled Site, and to propose a way to analyse the results in order to improve our understanding of the use of space at non-generalized scales in such sites.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021
2021
2021
2021
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/255175
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/255175
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/2020-MSCA-IF-2017-794823
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250776
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Public Library of Science
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
collection DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15,812429

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