Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2

The rise in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming education, with tools like ChatGPT enhancing learning, content creation, and academic support. This study analyzes ChatGPT’s acceptance among Costa Rican university students using the UTAUT2 model and partial least squares struct...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Cabero Almenara, Julio, Palacios Rodríguez, Antonio de Padua, Rojas Guzmán, Hazel de los Ángeles, Fernández Scagliusi, Victoria
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:idus.us.es:11441/170642
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/170642
https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063363
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:AI acceptance
UTAUT2
Higher education
Digital literacy
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spelling Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2Cabero Almenara, JulioPalacios Rodríguez, Antonio de PaduaRojas Guzmán, Hazel de los ÁngelesFernández Scagliusi, VictoriaAI acceptanceUTAUT2Higher educationDigital literacyThe rise in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming education, with tools like ChatGPT enhancing learning, content creation, and academic support. This study analyzes ChatGPT’s acceptance among Costa Rican university students using the UTAUT2 model and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The research examines key predictors of AI adoption, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, and actual usage. The findings from 194 students indicate that performance expectancy (β = 0.596, p < 0.001) is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention, followed by effort expectancy (β = 0.241, p = 0.005), while social influence (β = 0.381, p < 0.001) and facilitating conditions (β = 0.217, p = 0.008) play a smaller role. Behavioral intention significantly influences actual usage (β = 0.643, p < 0.001). Gender and age differences emerge, with male students and those aged 21–30 years showing higher acceptance levels. Despite positive attitudes toward ChatGPT, the students report insufficient training for effective use, underscoring the need for AI literacy programs and structured pedagogical strategies. This study calls for further research on AI training programs and their long-term impact on academic performance to foster responsible GenAI adoption in higher education ChatGPT; AI acceptance; UTAUT2; Higher education; Digital literacyMDPIDidáctica y Organización EducativaHUM390: Grupo de Investigación Didáctica: Análisis Tecnológico y Cualitativo de los Procesos de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje2025info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/170642https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063363reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésApplied Sciences, 3363.https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app15063363info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:idus.us.es:11441/1706422026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2
title Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2
spellingShingle Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2
Cabero Almenara, Julio
AI acceptance
UTAUT2
Higher education
Digital literacy
title_short Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2
title_full Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2
title_fullStr Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2
title_full_unstemmed Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2
title_sort Prediction of the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence Through ChatGPT Among Costa Rican University Students: A PLS Model Based on UTAUT2
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Cabero Almenara, Julio
Palacios Rodríguez, Antonio de Padua
Rojas Guzmán, Hazel de los Ángeles
Fernández Scagliusi, Victoria
author Cabero Almenara, Julio
author_facet Cabero Almenara, Julio
Palacios Rodríguez, Antonio de Padua
Rojas Guzmán, Hazel de los Ángeles
Fernández Scagliusi, Victoria
author_role author
author2 Palacios Rodríguez, Antonio de Padua
Rojas Guzmán, Hazel de los Ángeles
Fernández Scagliusi, Victoria
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Didáctica y Organización Educativa
HUM390: Grupo de Investigación Didáctica: Análisis Tecnológico y Cualitativo de los Procesos de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv AI acceptance
UTAUT2
Higher education
Digital literacy
topic AI acceptance
UTAUT2
Higher education
Digital literacy
description The rise in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming education, with tools like ChatGPT enhancing learning, content creation, and academic support. This study analyzes ChatGPT’s acceptance among Costa Rican university students using the UTAUT2 model and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The research examines key predictors of AI adoption, including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, behavioral intention, and actual usage. The findings from 194 students indicate that performance expectancy (β = 0.596, p < 0.001) is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention, followed by effort expectancy (β = 0.241, p = 0.005), while social influence (β = 0.381, p < 0.001) and facilitating conditions (β = 0.217, p = 0.008) play a smaller role. Behavioral intention significantly influences actual usage (β = 0.643, p < 0.001). Gender and age differences emerge, with male students and those aged 21–30 years showing higher acceptance levels. Despite positive attitudes toward ChatGPT, the students report insufficient training for effective use, underscoring the need for AI literacy programs and structured pedagogical strategies. This study calls for further research on AI training programs and their long-term impact on academic performance to foster responsible GenAI adoption in higher education ChatGPT; AI acceptance; UTAUT2; Higher education; Digital literacy
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/170642
https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063363
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/170642
https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063363
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Applied Sciences, 3363.
https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app15063363
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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