NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b

Romain Allart et al.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Allart, Romain, Delgado-Mena, E., Sanz-Forcada, J., Rebolo López, Rafael, Psaridi, Angelica
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/402561
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/402561
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Instrumentation: spectrographs
Methods: observational
Techniques: spectroscopic
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: gaseous planets
Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-69b
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dc.title.none.fl_str_mv NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b
title NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b
spellingShingle NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b
Allart, Romain
Instrumentation: spectrographs
Methods: observational
Techniques: spectroscopic
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: gaseous planets
Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-69b
title_short NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b
title_full NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b
title_fullStr NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b
title_full_unstemmed NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b
title_sort NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 b
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Allart, Romain
Delgado-Mena, E.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Rebolo López, Rafael
Psaridi, Angelica
author Allart, Romain
author_facet Allart, Romain
Delgado-Mena, E.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Rebolo López, Rafael
Psaridi, Angelica
author_role author
author2 Delgado-Mena, E.
Sanz-Forcada, J.
Rebolo López, Rafael
Psaridi, Angelica
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv European Space Agency
European Commission
European Research Council
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Generalitat de Catalunya
Fundación la Caixa
Sanz-Forcada, J. [0000-0002-1600-7835]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Instrumentation: spectrographs
Methods: observational
Techniques: spectroscopic
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: gaseous planets
Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-69b
topic Instrumentation: spectrographs
Methods: observational
Techniques: spectroscopic
Planets and satellites: atmospheres
Planets and satellites: gaseous planets
Planets and satellites: individual: WASP-69b
description Romain Allart et al.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/402561
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/402561
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI//RyC2022-035854-I
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/851555
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https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452525
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
publisher.none.fl_str_mv EDP Sciences
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
reponame_str DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
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spelling NIRPS detection of delayed atmospheric escape from the warm and misaligned Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69 bAllart, RomainDelgado-Mena, E.Sanz-Forcada, J.Rebolo López, RafaelPsaridi, AngelicaInstrumentation: spectrographsMethods: observationalTechniques: spectroscopicPlanets and satellites: atmospheresPlanets and satellites: gaseous planetsPlanets and satellites: individual: WASP-69bRomain Allart et al.[Context] Near-infrared high-resolution échelle spectrographs unlock access to fundamental properties of exoplanets, from their atmospheric escape and composition to their orbital architecture, which can all be studied simultaneously from transit observations.[Aims] We present the first results of the newly commissioned ESO near-infrared spectrograph, Near-InfraRed Planet Searcher (NIRPS), from three transits of the well-studied warm Saturn WASP-69b. Our goals are to measure the orbital architecture of the planet through the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect and its atmospheric escape through the 1083 nm helium triplet.[Methods] We used the RM Revolutions technique to better constrain the orbital architecture of the system. We extracted the high-resolution helium absorption profile to study its spectral shape and temporal variations. Then, we made 3D simulations from the EVE code to fit the helium absorption time series.[Results] We measure a slightly misaligned orbit for WASP-69 b (3D spin-orbit angle of 28.7−5.3+6.1 ∘). We confirm the detection of helium with an average excess absorption of 3.17±0.05% (maximum of 4.02%). The helium absorption is spectrally and temporally resolved, extends to high altitudes and has a strong velocity shift up to −29.5±2.5 km s−1 50 minutes after egress. The signature cannot be explained by a thermosphere alone and thus requires 3D modeling of the thermosphere and exosphere. EVE simulations put constraints on the mass loss of 2.25 · 1011 g s−1 and hint at reactive chemistry within the cometary-like tail and interaction with the stellar winds that allow the metastable helium to survive longer than expected.[Conclusions] Our results suggest that WASP-69 b is going through a transformative phase of its history by losing mass while evolving on a misaligned orbit, similar to a growing number of Neptunian worlds. This work shows how combining multiple observational tracers such as orbital architecture, atmospheric escape, and composition is critical to understand exoplanet demographics and their formation and evolution. We demonstrate that NIRPS in the near-infrared can reach precisions similar to HARPS in the optical for RM studies, and the high data quality of NIRPS leads to unprecedented atmospheric characterization. Therefore, the addition of NIRPS to HARPS on the ESO 3.6 m makes it the driving force of such new studies. The high stability of NIRPS combined with the large Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) available for its consortium enables in-depth studies of exoplanets as well as large population surveys.We thank the anonymous referee for their fruitful comments that help improved the overall quality of the paper. This work has made use of the VALD database, operated at Uppsala University, the Institute of Astronomy RAS in Moscow, and the University of Vienna. This work presents results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia. Gaia data are being processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC is provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia MultiLateral Agreement (MLA). The Gaia mission website is https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia. The Gaia archive website is https://archives.esac.esa.int/gaia. RA acknowledges the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) support under the Post-Doc Mobility grant P500PT_222212 and the support of the Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (IREx). RA, FBa, CC, ÉA, BB, NJC, RD, LMa, LB, AB, AD-B, LD, AL, OL, LMo, JS-A, PV, TV & JPW acknowledge the financial support of the FRQ-NT through the Centre de recherche en astrophysique du Québec as well as the support from the Trottier Family Foundation and the Trottier Institute for Research on Exoplanets. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (project SPICE DUNE, grant agreement No. 947634). This material reflects only the authors’ views and the Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This work has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under grants 51NF40_182901 and 51NF40_205606. FBa, ÉA, RD, LMa, TA, J-SM, JS-A & PV acknowledges support from Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) program, the Université de Montréal and Université Laval, the Canada Economic Development (CED) program and the Ministere of Economy, Innovation and Energy (MEIE). ACar, XB, XDe, TF & VY acknowledge funding from the French ANR under contract number ANR18CE310019 (SPlaSH), and the French National Research Agency in the framework of the Investissements d’Avenir program (ANR-15-IDEX-02), through the funding of the “Origin of Life" project of the Grenoble-Alpes University. HC & ML acknowledge support of the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number PCEFP2_194576. ED-M, SCB, NCS, ARCS, EC & JGd acknowledge the support from FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through national funds by these grants: UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020. ED-M further acknowledges the support from FCT through Stimulus FCT contract 2021.01294.CEECIND. ED-M acknowledges the support by the Ramón y Cajal grant RyC2022-035854-I funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/50110001103 and by ESF+. ED-M, JGdS, NCS further acknowledge the support from FCT through the project 2022.04416.PTDC. SCB acknowledges the support from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) in the form of a work contract through the Scientific Employment Incentive program with reference 2023.06687.CEECIND. The Board of Observational and Instrumental Astronomy (NAOS) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte’s research activities are supported by continuous grants from the Brazilian funding agency CNPq. This study was partially funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001 and the CAPES-Print program. BLCM & AMM acknowledge CAPES postdoctoral fellowships. BLCM acknowledges CNPq research fellowships (Grant No. 305804/2022-7). NBC acknowledges support from an NSERC Discovery Grant, a Canada Research Chair, and an Arthur B. McDonald Fellowship, and thanks the Trottier Space Institute for its financial support and dynamic intellectual environment. XDu acknowledges the support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement SCORE No. 851555) and from the Swiss National Science Foundation under the grant SPECTRE (No. 200021_215200). DE acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation for project 200021_200726. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the SNSF. JIGH, RR, ASM, FGT, NN, JLR & AKS acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) project PID2020-117493GB-I00. ICL acknowledges CNPq research fellowships (Grant No. 313103/2022-4). CMo acknowledges the funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant 200021_204847 “PlanetsInTime”. JRM acknowledges CNPq research fellowships (Grant No. 308928/2019-9). Co-funded by the European Union (ERC, FIERCE, 101052347). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. JLA, RLG, DOF, YSM & MAT acknowledge CAPES graduate fellowships. We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the ERC Grant Agreement no. 337591-ExTrA. ARCS acknowledges the support from Fundaçao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the fellowship 2021.07856.BD. LD acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [funding reference number 521489] and from the Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ) – Secteur Nature et technologies [funding file number 332355]. DBF acknowledges financial support from the Brazilian agency CNPq-PQ (Grant No. 305566/2021-0). Continuous grants from the Brazilian agency CNPq support the STELLAR TEAM of the Federal University of Ceara’s research activities. FG acknowledges support from the Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ) – Secteur Nature et technologies under file #350366. AL acknowledges support from the Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ) – Secteur Nature et technologies under file #349961. LMo acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), [funding reference number 589653]. NN acknowledges financial support by Light Bridges S.L, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. NN acknowledges funding from Light Bridges for the Doctoral Thesis "Habitable Earth-like planets with ESPRESSO and NIRPS", in cooperation with the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, and the use of Indefeasible Computer Rights (ICR) being commissioned at the ASTRO POC project in the Island of Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). The ICR-ASTRONOMY used for his research was provided by Light Bridges in cooperation with Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE). CPi acknowledges support from the NSERC Vanier scholarship, and the Trottier Family Foundation. This work was funded by the Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx). AP acknowledges support from the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M programme and from the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA. JS-F acknowldges financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigaciòn (AEI/10.13039/501100011033) of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the ERDF "A way of making Europe" through project PID2022-137241NB-C42. AKS acknowledges financial support from La Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434) under the grant LCF/BQ/DI23/11990071. TV acknowledges support from the Fonds de recherche du Québec (FRQ) – Secteur Nature et technologies under file #320056.With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2020-001058-M)Peer reviewedEDP SciencesEuropean Space AgencyEuropean CommissionEuropean Research CouncilConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Generalitat de CatalunyaFundación la CaixaSanz-Forcada, J. 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