Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films

Thermochromic VO2 crystalline domains have been formed in amorphous nanocolumnar VOx films by means of a low-temperature oxidation process. The oxidation of an amorphous film with [O]/[V] below 1.9 favors the formation of VO2, V3O7, and V2O5 crystalline domains in the material for temperatures as lo...

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Autores: Acosta Rivera, Hiedra, Rico, Víctor, Ferrer Fernández, Francisco Javier, Rojas, Teresa Cristina, Álvarez, Rafael, Martín, Nicolás, González-Elipe, Agustín R., Palmero, Alberto
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2026
País:España
Institución:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
Repositorio:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
OAI Identifier:oai:dnet:idus________::287e523dcac4a610f2acc03a5bd24c1d
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/11441/184829
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16020130
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Thermochromic films
Porous films
Magnetron sputtering
Oblique angle deposition
Nanocolumns
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spelling Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 FilmsAcosta Rivera, HiedraRico, VíctorFerrer Fernández, Francisco JavierRojas, Teresa CristinaÁlvarez, RafaelMartín, NicolásGonzález-Elipe, Agustín R.Palmero, AlbertoThermochromic filmsPorous filmsMagnetron sputteringOblique angle depositionNanocolumnsThermochromic VO2 crystalline domains have been formed in amorphous nanocolumnar VOx films by means of a low-temperature oxidation process. The oxidation of an amorphous film with [O]/[V] below 1.9 favors the formation of VO2, V3O7, and V2O5 crystalline domains in the material for temperatures as low as 260 °C, while values above 1.9 lead to the sole formation of the V2O5 phase. It is found that the absorption of oxygen also causes a relevant film volume expansion that makes pores shrink. Under some specific conditions, low-temperature oxidation causes the near disappearance of the amorphous regions, clearly improving the overall transparency and optimizing the optical and electrical modulation capabilities associated with the presence of crystalline VO2 domains. The best thermochromic performance was found when the original stoichiometry was [O]/[V] = 1.5 and the oxidation temperature was 280 °C. These conditions yield a relatively transparent coating in the visible range that presents an optical modulation in the near-infrared range of nearly 50% and a drop of electrical resistivity of more than two orders of magnitude, with a transition temperature of 50.3 °C. A tentative model based on the volume expansion experienced by the film upon oxidation is proposed, which links the structural/chemical features of the material and the formation of the crystalline domains at such relatively low temperatures.MDPIFísica Atómica, Molecular y NuclearMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). EspañaAgencia Estatal de Investigación. España2026info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11441/184829https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16020130reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevillainstname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)InglésNanomaterials, 16 (2), 130. PID2021-123879OB-C21PID2022-143120OB-I00PCI2024-153451https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/2/130info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:dnet:idus________::287e523dcac4a610f2acc03a5bd24c1d2026-06-17T12:51:07Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films
title Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films
spellingShingle Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films
Acosta Rivera, Hiedra
Thermochromic films
Porous films
Magnetron sputtering
Oblique angle deposition
Nanocolumns
title_short Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films
title_full Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films
title_fullStr Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films
title_full_unstemmed Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films
title_sort Oxidation of Amorphous Porous VOx at Low Temperatures for the Formation of Thermochromic VO2 Films
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Acosta Rivera, Hiedra
Rico, Víctor
Ferrer Fernández, Francisco Javier
Rojas, Teresa Cristina
Álvarez, Rafael
Martín, Nicolás
González-Elipe, Agustín R.
Palmero, Alberto
author Acosta Rivera, Hiedra
author_facet Acosta Rivera, Hiedra
Rico, Víctor
Ferrer Fernández, Francisco Javier
Rojas, Teresa Cristina
Álvarez, Rafael
Martín, Nicolás
González-Elipe, Agustín R.
Palmero, Alberto
author_role author
author2 Rico, Víctor
Ferrer Fernández, Francisco Javier
Rojas, Teresa Cristina
Álvarez, Rafael
Martín, Nicolás
González-Elipe, Agustín R.
Palmero, Alberto
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU). España
Agencia Estatal de Investigación. España
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Thermochromic films
Porous films
Magnetron sputtering
Oblique angle deposition
Nanocolumns
topic Thermochromic films
Porous films
Magnetron sputtering
Oblique angle deposition
Nanocolumns
description Thermochromic VO2 crystalline domains have been formed in amorphous nanocolumnar VOx films by means of a low-temperature oxidation process. The oxidation of an amorphous film with [O]/[V] below 1.9 favors the formation of VO2, V3O7, and V2O5 crystalline domains in the material for temperatures as low as 260 °C, while values above 1.9 lead to the sole formation of the V2O5 phase. It is found that the absorption of oxygen also causes a relevant film volume expansion that makes pores shrink. Under some specific conditions, low-temperature oxidation causes the near disappearance of the amorphous regions, clearly improving the overall transparency and optimizing the optical and electrical modulation capabilities associated with the presence of crystalline VO2 domains. The best thermochromic performance was found when the original stoichiometry was [O]/[V] = 1.5 and the oxidation temperature was 280 °C. These conditions yield a relatively transparent coating in the visible range that presents an optical modulation in the near-infrared range of nearly 50% and a drop of electrical resistivity of more than two orders of magnitude, with a transition temperature of 50.3 °C. A tentative model based on the volume expansion experienced by the film upon oxidation is proposed, which links the structural/chemical features of the material and the formation of the crystalline domains at such relatively low temperatures.
publishDate 2026
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2026
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/11441/184829
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16020130
url https://hdl.handle.net/11441/184829
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano16020130
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Nanomaterials, 16 (2), 130.
PID2021-123879OB-C21
PID2022-143120OB-I00
PCI2024-153451
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/16/2/130
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
instname:Universidad de Sevilla (US)
instname_str Universidad de Sevilla (US)
reponame_str idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
collection idUS. Depósito de Investigación de la Universidad de Sevilla
repository.name.fl_str_mv
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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score 15.812455

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